A theory and taxonomy of individual team member performance.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research was to specify and describe the latent structure of <italic>individual team member performance</italic>. In this research, <italic> individual team member performance</italic> was defined as the behaviors team members exhibit that are relevant to team goals, and that are within their control.
First, an a priori taxonomy of <italic>individual team member performance </italic> was distilled from existing research literature in the areas of individual performance, leadership, and group and team functioning and effectiveness. The a priori taxonomy consists of seven dimensions. Then critical incidents were collected from 93 team members, who represented four different organizations: a consumer foods company, an engineering consulting firm, a hospital, and a survey research organization. After edits were made, there were a total of 640 critical incidents. Eight subject matter judges assigned a stratified random sample of 200 incidents to the a priori dimensions. The sorting assignments were used to evaluate the sufficiency, appropriateness, reliability, and distinctiveness of the a priori dimensions. Next, 20 new judges sorted the same set of critical incidents, but into dimensions they created, ones they thought represented the underlying performance categories of the critical incidents. A 200 x 200 agreement matrix was tabulated and analyzed using principal components analysis. This was done to reduce the sorting data to a manageable and interpretable set of components. The results based on the a priori taxonomy and the empirically-derived taxonomy (i.e., the inductive and deductive approaches) were reconciled through systematic content analysis, and a revised taxonomy was constructed. A final set of eight judges assigned a new sample of 200 critical incidents to the revised dimensions.
Results showed that the revised taxonomy dimensions were more sufficient appropriate, reliable, and distinct than the a priori taxonomy dimensions. It was concluded that <italic>individual team member performance</italic> can be described sufficiently and appropriately by the nine revised dimensions. The dimensions are (a) Peer Leadership: Initiating Structure, (b) Team Workload Distribution/Coordination, (c) Fulfilling Team-related Task Responsibilities, (d) Situation Awareness, (e) Team-relevant Problem Solving, (f) Monitoring Performance, (g) Training Team Members/Sharing Task Information, (h) Team Member Helping/Backup Relief, and (i) Peer Leadership: Consideration.