The making of quilts is largely divided into 2 types -the art quilt and the traditional quilt. In this study the researcher focuses on quilts that have repetitive, proliferating and cyclical structures; Although this is a characteristic structure of t...
The making of quilts is largely divided into 2 types -the art quilt and the traditional quilt. In this study the researcher focuses on quilts that have repetitive, proliferating and cyclical structures; Although this is a characteristic structure of the traditional centrifugal quilt, this structural format is seen in many contemporary art quilts as well. Also, this can be the opportunity for traditional quilts to be reevaluated as an art form, corresponding to contemporary aesthetics due to the geometric and simple figure of the quilts. This study focuses on the structural similarities connecting the traditional quilt to the art quilt. So, going beyond classification based on period or aesthetic qualities, this study looks at the quilt within the formal confines of repetition, proliferation, and cyclical structuring.
Today, the quilt is known as an important cultural heritage of America. Especially, the color, the composition, and the beauty of the fabric in Amish quilt work and traditional quilt work go beyond simple functionality, and they are recognized as artistic works in modern art. In the excessively detailed work found in Amish appliqued quilt work, the researcher looks for another motive beyond functionality and frugality which were considered as the basic purpose of making quilts. By doing so I seek to infer the intentions behind creating quilts and seek to understand their maker's aesthetic sensibilities.
Considering that most quilt makers are women traditionally, we can deduce the intention of making quilts in relation to femininity. Since the women's area of activity is traditionally limited to the arena of home due to the biological women's role of pregnancy and birth, and also because of patriarchal ideology, women were considered powerless, dependent and vague in identity. Thus, their works of sewing and raising children were devaluated as the non-professional, non-social, and devalued work in patriarchic society from the ancient time.
In a society where the hierarchical power structure and patriarchy operate as an oppressive apparatus for women, the separation between art and craft; the materialization of female art; and the alienation of women in art education limited women to express their female sensibilities through embroidery, quilt, and craft. However, through the making of quilts, women were able to(in their own domain of home) not only express their female sensibilities, but also express their personal ethics and their worldview of femininity.
The materiality of fabric is similar to the disposition of femininity. Women consider interrelationships important, and their roles were defined in care giving, accepting, and life giving. Their worldview is in accordance with the law of nature and the universe. In pregnancy and giving birth, women regard fabric not only as a protective substance but also as skin which they identify with. Women intimately identify with fabric as an object that hides or reveals the self. In the quilt-making process that women collect, dissemble, and identify with the fabric, women can accomplish themselves as a complete subject.
In the patriarchal social structure, women have positioned in oppressed and conflicted state. So through quilt-making as the process of dissemination and identification with fabric, they heal themselves and re-recognize themselves as the subject that merges with the world. Also, quilt making is done within a given structure that allows some variations within its order and the female quilt-makers to work in stability within the order.
Traditional quilts have almost always had the visual structure of repetitive, proliferating, and cyclical structure. This formal pattern becomes an important character that determines the structure and the content of the work. This structural matrix is similar to the macro-universal structure of the Mandala that symbolizes the law of nature and the universe. The Mandala is the structure that gives harmony and unification, and the visual formal structure is proven to have an effect of unifying the psyche in conflict, and promotes the healing of the mind. While completing a quilt in which this structure of the Mandala is shown in the repetitive, proliferating, and cyclical structure, the maker can face her own conflict-ridden situation and bring separate inner selves together. In this sense, the researcher wants to emphasize the fact that the structural forms of traditional quilt making and art quilt making are not different from the form, content, and the meaning of the religious structure of the Mandala.
Not only the surface structure, but also the act of quilting or appliqueing becomes an important element of the visual image. The stitching and binding of the quilt allow us to witness the symbolic power behind the Mandala, which signifies healing, forgiveness, and reconciliation. More importantly, this kind of visual act is added to the quilt work, taking a long time and going through the process of flow. The act, that begins from the daily need, allows the maker to go beyond her routine life and gives the maker the opportunity to strengthen the self through the process of flow and transcendence. In this way it becomes the arena of self-actualization. Moreover, quilt making is the process of uniting the surface of fabric and the cotton behind it. Through the act of sewing, the separate layers are united. This act implies that the quilting is an act as unification of consciousness and unconsciousness, self and the other, male and female, nature and human being, good and evil, spirit and body, and light and shadow. According to Lacan's psychoanalysis, the quilting points, where the needle goes through, is the point that goes in and out of the Symbolic and the Imaginary. Through the repetitive act, this allows the maker to experience, understand, and accept one's own fundamental desire and the Real that Lacan talks about. The point where the needle goes through the fabric (with its unifying structure of horizontal and vertical threads) is an empty space. The needle goes through this empty space, and the thread connects the top fabric and the bottom cotton. This empty space is a place of inaction that makes the circulation and repetition of sewing possible, and quilting is going through and around this space. Through such repetitive experience, women can understand the desires of life and experience its flow. Through the whole process of making a quilt, the conflict-ridden inner psyche is transformed into a visual image of unification and reconciliation with the world, and the mind is led into a more positive inner state.
Traditionally, for the superficial reason that women make quilts as daily objects used at home, the making of a quilt has passive qualities of femininity such as frugality, diligence, and femininity. However, the act of creating a quilt is an active process, in which the maker seeks to find meaning within her own domain; to experience the world; and to recognize the self as the active subject. Quilt making is work and recovery from the passive and distributed self to active and unified one. Quilt making is a functional act and also art act and it is a kind of active healing for the woman's family and for herself. Through quilt making with its Mandala forms, inner conflicts are accepted and merged with the greater world view, and inner health is restored. Without going beyond everyday life, they find a psychological space where they may heal and strengthen their inner psyche. In other words, the repetitive quality of quilt making and its processes liberates the maker as the active subject, and frees her from the passivity of the femininity. Futhermore, in this process she can encounter the healing Mandala where the self is strengthened and her inner psyche is led into more a harmonious state.