Mediators of Perfectionism and Distress in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 한국인 대학생을 대상으로, 외부 평가에 취약한 완벽주의와 심리적 부적응 간의 관계에서 부적응적 대처 양식과 자존감의 매개변인 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 한국에 있는 2개 대학에서 총 508명의 대학생이 연구에 참여하였다. 완벽주의의 측정에 있어서 Frost(1990)가 개발한 다차원적 완벽주의 질문지를 사용하였다. AMOS 5.0 프로그램을 사용한 구조 방정식 모형(structural equation modeling) 분석 결과, 완벽주의와 심리적 부적응 간의 관계에서 부적응적 대처 양식의 완전매개효과(full mediation effect)가 발견되었다. 또한 최종 모델에서, 완벽주의에서 부적응적 대처 양식과 낮은 자존감을 거쳐 심리적 부적응으로 이어지는 경로가 확인되었다. 다집단 분석(multi-group analysis) 결과 외부 평가에 취약한 완벽주의를 가진 남자 대학생들이 여자 대학생들에 비해 부적응적 대처 양식을 사용하는 경향성이 더 강한 것으로 발견되었다. 본 연구 결과, 완벽주의와 심리적 부적응 간의 관계에서 부적응적 대처 양식의 완전매개효과의 외적 타당도(external validity)가 한국대학생에서 검증되었으며, 주요 변인들(완벽주의, 부적응적 대처양식, 자존감, 심리적 부적응) 간에 선행연구에서 밝혀진 것보다 더 복잡한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과가 상담에서 갖는 함의점과 후속 연구에 미치는 시사점이 논의되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the mediation effects of maladaptive coping styles and self-esteem on the link between evaluative concerns perfectionism and psychological distress with a sample of South Korean college students. The participants were 508 college students at two universities in South Korea. Structural equation modeling analyses supported a full mediation effect of maladaptive coping between evalustive concerns perfectionism and psychological distress. The final model also revealed a significant path from evaluative concerns perfectionism through maladaptive coping styles and self-esteem to psychological distress. Furthermore, a multi-group analysis revealed that male South Korean college students with evaluative concerns perfectionism tend to use maladaptive coping strategies more than their female counterparts. The findings provided not only external validity for the full mediation effect of coping but also evidence of more complex relations among the variables. Implications for counseling interventions and future research were discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS = ⅱ
• ABSTRACT = ⅲ
• TABLE OF CONTENTS = ⅳ
• LIST OF TABLES = ⅶ
• LIST OF FIGURES = ⅷ
• CHAPTER Ⅰ: INTRODUCTION = 1
• Direct Link between Perfectionism and Maladjustment = 3
• Mediators between Perfectionism and Maladjustment = 5
• Coping Styles as a Mediator = 5
• Self-esteem as a Mediator = 6
• Problems of Mediation Testing = 7
• Purpose of the Current Study = 9
• CHAPTER Ⅱ: LITERATURE REVIEW = 12
• Overview of the Construct of Perfectionism = 13
• Definitions of Perfectionism = 13
• Significance of the Topic of the Perfectionism = 14
• Etiology of Perfectionism = 16
• Empirical Validation of the Construct of Perfectionism = 18
• Multidimensional Approach to Perfectionism = 18
• Maladaptive and Adaptive Perfectionism = 20
• Direct Link between Perfectionism and Maladjustment = 26
• Perfectionism and Clinical Disorders = 26
• Perfectionism and Other Concomitants = 29
• Mediators between Perfectionism and Maladjustment : Coping and Self-esteem = 32
• A Brief Overview of Coping Research = 32
• Coping Styles as a Mediator between Perfectionism and Maladjustment = 38
• Self-esteem as a Mediator between Perfectionism and Maladjustment = 45
• Cultural Aspects of Perfectionism = 49
• General Conclusion and Purpose of Study = 52
• CHAPTER Ⅲ: METHOD = 55
• Participants and Procedure = 55
• Instruments = 57
• Preliminary Statistical Analyses = 64
• Main Statistical Analyses = 65
• The Measurement Model = 65
• The Structural Model = 66
• CHAPTER Ⅳ: RESULTS = 69
• Data Screening, Descriptive, Statistics, and Preliminary Analyses = 69
• Measurement Model for Testing Mediation Effects = 72
• Structural Model for Testing Mediating Effects = 75
• Testing Model Fit by Gender = 79
• CHAPTER Ⅴ: DISCUSSION = 82
• Discussion of Findings = 82
• Implications for Practitioners = 88
• Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research = 94
• References = 99
• Appendix Ⅰ Instruments (English Versions) = 121
• Appendix Ⅱ Instruments (Korean Versions) = 132
• Appendix Ⅲ Permission Letters = 143