ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of principals' moral leadership depending on the situations of school organizations on the teachers' job performance and commitment in elementary and secondary schools.
To accomplish t...
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of principals' moral leadership depending on the situations of school organizations on the teachers' job performance and commitment in elementary and secondary schools.
To accomplish the purpose of this study, first, principals' moral leadership and the schools' organizational effectiveness according to the characteristics of teachers and schools were analyzed to investigate the differences between the two variables.
Second, the principals' moral leadership depending on the situational combination of the school organizations was analyzed to investigate the effects of school organization effectiveness.
For the purpose of this study, 1,100 teachers were randomly selected from 110 elementary and secondary schools which are located in Seoul. Of these 1,100 teachers were sampled from each school.
For this study, principals' moral leadership, situations of school organization, and school organization effectiveness questionnaires were constructed by the researcher, and other questionnaires were partially modified and supplemented by the researcher.
All questionnaires in this research were evaluated as having construct validity and face validity by the three educational administration professors and a certain questionnaire expert. Their validity and reliability were conducted also verified using factor analysis before the survey.
Frequency analysis, T-tests and F-tests were used to analyze demographic variables. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the variables and effects, All data were processed using SPSS 10.
The findings of this study were as follows:
First, the differences in the principals' moral leadership and school organization effectiveness according to the characteristics of teachers and schools, moral virtue, moral rationale and moral conduct shown no differences between genders. Female teachers scored highly on teachers' job performance, on the other hand, male teachers scored highly on teachers' commitment.
The under 10 years teaching experience was lower than that the 20 years teaching experience group on the moral virtue variables and moral rationale variables. Also, the 20-30 years teaching experience group was higher than the under 10 years teaching experience group on the teachers' job performance. Considering teachers with more than 10 years teaching experience, the high experience group scored higher than less the low experience group on the teachers' commitment variables. Also, Over 20 years teaching experience teachers group was higher than the under 20 years teaching experience teachers group on the moral virtue variables and moral rationale variables.
The national and public schools were higher than the private schools in the moral virtue, moral rationale and moral conduct. Also, the national and public schools were higher than the private schools on the teachers' job performance, but the private schools were higher than the national and public schools on the teachers' commitment.
Elementary schools were higher than secondary schools on the moral virtue, moral rationale and moral conduct. There was no difference between middle schools and high schools on the teachers' job performance. Elementary schools were higher than secondary schools on the teachers' job performance. Elementary schools scored highest, followed by high schools.
Second, the three sub-variables of principals' moral leadership had an effect on the teachers' job performance, but moral virtue and moral conduct had a significant effect on the teachers' job performance in relation to the effects of principals' moral leadership on the school organization effectiveness. Also, the three sub-variables of principals' moral leadership had an effect on the teachers' commitment, but moral conduct did not.
Third, the principals' moral leadership had an influence on the school organization effectiveness, but the moral variables only had a consistently significant effect on the school organization effectiveness.
Fourth, searching for the effects of principals' moral leadership depending on situational combinations on the school organization effectiveness, all cases in this study were divided the three situational variables into the eight situational combinations and then, the effects of principals' moral leadership on the school organization effectiveness were analyzed and finally combined. From the results of this process, if work structures were good and simultaneously school climate was open, no matter how human relations are, the moral virtue variables affected the teachers' commitment variables(situation five). The principals' moral leadership(moral virtue variables) had an effect on the teachers' job performance variables and teachers' commitment variables if the situational combinations were the best(situation one) or the worst(situation eight). Although these results are similar to Fiedlers'(1967), the other results are different.