휠체어를 사용하는 지체장애인 및 시각장애인을 고려한 주택계획 설계기준에 관한 연구 = A Study on housing planning and design standard considering the blind and the disabled using wheelchairs

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한글초록: 어린이, 노인, 장애인, 임산부 등과 같은 사회적.신체적 약자의 주생활을 총체적으로 지원하는 무장애 주택개발을 통해 일반국민의 삶의 질 향상과 더불어 복지증진에 기여함으로서 장애물 없는 주택과 생활환경 조성의 바탕이 되는 건축계획원칙 및 설계기준이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 필요성에 의해 본 연구는 주택 내 장애유형별 주생활특성을 고찰하여 실태조사와 개조사례 파악으로 문제점을 찾고 거주자의 요구조사 분석을 통해 문제점을 명확히 한다. 이렇게 도출된 문제점을 국내.외 관련법과의 비교분석을 통해 계획원칙 및 최대, 최소 설계기준으로 분석하여 장애유형별 계획원칙과 설계기준을 제시하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구를 수행하기 위한 본 연구의 범위로 주택 내 주택공간의 각 실로 한정하였다. 또한 지체장애인의 대상은 지체장애의 종류와 관계없이 휠체어를 사용하는 장애인으로 하였으며, 시각장애의 대상 또한 시각장애의 종류와 관계없이 현행복지법상으로 정하는 장애인으로 한정하고 간병인의 도움 등에 따른 변수는 제외하였다. 문제점의 분석은 ISO기준에 따른 표준휠체어규격을 기준으로, 주택 내 각종 생활행위에 따른 특성 중심으로 최소기준을 분석하며, 주택유형에 따른 내부구성의 차이는 없다고 판단하여 단독주택, 아파트, 연립주택, 다세대 등의 모든 주택유형을 포함한 설계원칙 및 설계기준을 제시한다. 마지막으로 각국의 관련법의 비교는 선진국 중 주거에 관련된 법이 설치원칙과 영역별로 체계적으로 구성되어 규정된 스위스, 독일, 미국, 일본을 대상으로 하였다. 그러나 우리나라 장애인 신체적 특성에 따른 인체치수는 외국장애인과 신체적 차이가 있고, 국내 주택설계관행에서도 차이를 보이므로 외국의 관련법의 기준값과 작은 차이를 보인다. 이러한 한계점에 따라 문제점을 종합적으로 보지 못할 위험이 있다. 따라서 우리나라의 인체치수의 반영과 국내 주택설계관행 및 경제성 검토, 각종 실험을 통한 정확한 기준값의 도출 등에 관한 연구는 향후 연구에서 다루어야 할 연구범위로 정하고 이번 연구에서는 제외하였다. 이와같은 방법으로 분석된 행동특성분석, 실태분석, 요구분석, 법규비교 등을 종합적으로 고찰함으로써, 장애인 주택편의를 위한 주택계획 및 설계기준 도출하였다

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영문초록:Housing lives of those who are weak socially and physically such as children, the old, the disabled, pregnant women and nursing mothers are backed by no-obstacle housing development, which contributes greatly to the welfare promotion of the general public. With that, both the principles of construction project and design criteria that make no-obstacle houses and living environment possible have been required. With this study, therefore, we give careful consideration to the features of housing life based on the disability type, and find out the problems by researching on the actual conditions as well as cases of remodeling. We also make problems clear by analyzing the survey of residents' demands. These problems are going to be analyzed by the internal and external related laws considering the principles of project as well as the maximum and the minimum design criteria. This study aims at presenting the principles of project and design criteria according to the disability type. For this study, the limits will be set to each room of residence area in a house. The physically disabled are defined as the disable using wheelchairs regardless of the disability type, and the visual disable are also determined as the disable provided by the current law of welfare without considering visual disability type. The variability caused by the nursing will not be included here. Problems are analyzed by the standard wheelchair criteria set on the base of ISO. This is focused on the various life actions in the house on the assumption that all types of the houses have no difference in interior. Here we present the principles of design and design criteria covering all the types of houses such as a house, an apartment, a tenement house, a multi-residence house. Comparing the internal related laws with external ones, we are going to use the Swiss, German, American, Japanese ones because they are organized by foundation principles and fields. However the external size of human being depending on the physical feature is different from ours and internal traditional practice of housing design makes differences too. That might cause the inaccuracy about the problems. This is why we do not cover the study about the size of human body, internal traditional practice of housing design, economical efficiency, or the correct standard value from the various experiments. We are going to deal with them later. In the ways above, we can get the result of the study about the special action, the actual conditions, residents' demands, and law-comparison, which helps to present the housing project and design standard for disabled people's housing convenience. From this purpose of study, we drew the following results. First, with the study about the type of house we can see that a special type of house has no relationship with problems. Instead, all types of the houses exercise a far-reaching influence upon the problems. Therefore common project criteria covering all types of the houses must be presented. Second, with the study on the size of house we can see that the problems are caused by the minimum necessary space. These problems are brought about not because they have a wrong size but because they have no project criteria considering the convenience. Therefore the project criteria considering the convenience must be presented and that must be common to all sizes of the houses. Third, with the study on the time of disability we can see that the acquired disability causes more inconvenience in most of the items, although some of the items showed no differences. Mostly one acquires disability rather then inherited, and after being disable he lives in the same house. Therefore the project criteria considering the convenience must be applied to all the houses. Forth, with the study about the disability type we can see that the problems arise regardless of the disability type, at the same time there are problems under the influence of the particular disability. Therefore project criteria must be divided into two types; common criteria and the criteria according to the disability type. Comparing the problems from the actual condition and residents' demands with design criteria of various countries, we can see problems seem to be solved in the most of the items. We also can see some of them have no design criteria and this matter must be investigated further with the internal law and design criteria. Moreover, design criteria of the various countries are not good enough for the internal condition and the size of human body is also different. That means the principle of project and design criteria which suits well for the internal situation must be presented.Key words : housing planning, design standard, disabled, blind, wheelchairs