The purpose of this study is to analyze the reporting influencing voting and the political advertising as the best election campaign in election, and to explore the tentative model appearing relations of reporting, political advertising, and voting.
T...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the reporting influencing voting and the political advertising as the best election campaign in election, and to explore the tentative model appearing relations of reporting, political advertising, and voting.
The following is research questions established for this study.
Research Question 1: What characteristics is reporting of newspapers and broadcasting media during the period of a presidential election campaign?
Research Question 2: What characteristics is political advertising of newspapers and broadcasting media during the period of a presidential election campaign?
Research Question 3: What characteristics are contents of political advertising during the period of a presidential election campaign?
I conducted a content analysis to solve research questions. The result of research questions is as following.
First, there is difference between newspapers and broadcasting media in reporting about the presidential election. The reporting about the presidential election appears the political real world and the fundamental difference between newspapers and broadcasting media. Newspapers and broadcasting media have more reporting about leading candidatures than non-leading candidatures. This appears that mass media int1uence real politics directly or indirectly because they have more reporting about leading candidatures important relatively to non-leading candidatures.
Newspapers have more reporting using political sources than broadcasting media. This appears differences between newspapers and broadcasting media in news gathering. Newspapers give more diversified and more in-depth information for audience than broadcasting media, and therefore have more reporting using political sources. And Newspapers have more reporting giving positive or negative tones than broadcasting media. This appears that newspapers are more free than broadcasting media because newspapers are more private and have more political mechanism: editorial columns, opinion columns, and so forth. This appears that newspapers influence voters' real voting directly or indirectly because they have more biased reporting about elections than broadcasting media .
Second, there is difference between newspapers and broadcasting media in political advertising. Advertising on newspapers and broadcasting media appears the political real world. Newspapers arc rational because of using text, but broadcasting media are emotional because of using pictures.
On newspaper, characteristics of political advertising between two presidential candidatures - Mu-Hyun Roh and Hoe-Chang Lee - is as following. Using positive emotional appeal, Roh make himself look better. But, using negative emotional appeal, Lee make Roh look worse. Roh uses more positive images than Lee, but Lee uses more negative images than Roh. In negative political advertising, Roh uses a high level of persuasion techniques, but Lee uses a low level of persuasion techniques.
On broadcasting media, characteristics of political advertising between two presidential candidatures is as following. Using positive emotional appeal, Roh make himself look better. But, using negative emotional appeal, Lee make Roh look worse. Lee uses more fearful appeal than Roh. And Lee uses much more negative advertising strategies than Roh.
Third, there is difference between two presidential candidatures in contents of political advertising on newspapers. On propaganda techniques, Roh uses more glittering generality, transfer, testimonial, plain folks, and bandwagon than Lee. But, Lee uses more name calling and card stacking. These appear that Roh uses positive, polished, and diverse propaganda techniques, but Lee uses negative techniques.
On rhetoric analysis, Roh uses more trustworthiness, good will, idealism, and similarity than Lee. But, Lee uses more power and competence. These appear that Roh uses positive expressions, but Lee uses negative expressions.
On symbolic analysis, Roh describes himself as a novel and young
candidature, and Lee as an old-era and old candidature. But, Lee describes himself as a capable candidature and a candidature of integrity, and Roh as an incapable and corrupt candidature.
The conclusion of this study is as following. The reporting about elections on newspapers is related to voters' voting. The reporting about a candidature is related to voters' approval rate of him positively. But broadcasting media do not have this relation. And the political advertising is related to voters' voting also. The positive political advertising of a candidature has much effect on voters' approval rate of himself than negative political advertising about an opponent.