The appearance of the Internet that is not restricted by time and space has allowed business sector to take advantage of diverse strategies to secure new marketing routes, extend existing market, find a new one and provide customers with better servic...
The appearance of the Internet that is not restricted by time and space has allowed business sector to take advantage of diverse strategies to secure new marketing routes, extend existing market, find a new one and provide customers with better services. Marketers should grasp the psychology of online customers, stay in touch with them and manage them successfully to stir up their loyalty to their products and brands. And what matters here is not what web sites customers keep logging on to but what needs spurred them to do it.
To approach this issue, online communities built by customers are very important. Specifically, brand communities are being widespread owing to the development of the Internet, and their importance is being accentuated in that they contribute to creating consumer culture and exert a firsthand impact on businesses(Myung Su Kang 2001). Brand communities reflect consumer activities in detail, thanks to the new communication features of the Internet(Moonkyu Lee 2004), and they have a strong impact on brand assets such as brand loyalty or brand awareness(Aaker 1991). Despite such an significance of online brand communities, there haven't been enough efforts to make an experimental analysis of what needs make consumers log on to a specific online brand community and how it affected brand. Companies make little attempts to set up or manage an online brand community in an efficient manner. Instead, they just try to prevent the spread of negative word of mouth.
The purpose of this study was to make an experimental analysis of the flow and online brand community loyalty of consumers to find out how and in which process their satisfied needs for online brand community affected their brand identification, brand loyalty and brand attractiveness. After a research model and hypotheses were selected, a survey was conducted. The collected data were analyzed with SPSSWIN 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 programs. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire used in this study were tested, and the fitness of the model turned out to be good.
The major findings of the study were as follows:
First, the satisfied needs of the consumers investigated for online brand community had a positive impact on their flow and brand community loyalty. Consumers usually log on to particular brand community sites to build a social relationship with others, to share their matters of concern or to economically benefit from those sites. If such needs of them are satisfied, they are bound to keep visiting them and to be committed to them, and then positive words of mouth are circulated through them about those sites. Thus, their site loyalty gets strong.
Second, their loyalty to specific online brand community sites exercised a positive influence on brand attractiveness. A sustained contact with them caused them to find their brands attractive and to feel friendly about them.
Third, the hypothesis that flow might have a positive impact on brand attractiveness was rejected.
Fourth, brand attractiveness exerted a positive influence on their brand identification. Brand identification is a very strong conception that one views the success of a brand as his or her own success by building close ties between the brand and his or her own self. This finding of the study might help companies to create a powerful brand.
Given the above-mentioned findings of the study, it seemed necessary to make more research on the influence of online brand community on brand loyalty. Therefore, an additional study was conducted by adding the brand loyalty variable. The fitness of the additional model appeared to be good, too.
As a result of making the additional research, flow and online brand community loyalty were found to have a positive impact on stimulating brand identification, and brand identification exerted a positive influence on brand loyalty. As a consequence, brand loyalty could be said to be improved through online brand community.
The significance of the study could be described as below:
First, earlier studies on online community or brand community had mainly focused on identifying the web characteristics of particular online communities or their community characteristics such as a sense of community. But the focus of the study was placed on consumer needs for accessing an online community, which made it possible to give more accurate information on the efficient customer management of members-only online communities.
Second, existing studies on brand community had mostly attempted to explore what variables would affect brand community loyalty or brand community attitude by selecting one of them as a dependent variable. A lot of studies had taken a qualitative approach only, but this study covered not only brand community but brand attitude. In other words, brand community loyalty wasn't the only one to be considered in relation to the roles of brand community, and how brand attractiveness and brand identification could be connected to brand loyalty was studied.
Third, the effort to see for what members of specific brand communities accessed the brand communities made it possible for businesses to get a more precise understanding of them. And it's found that vitalizing a brand community could serve to elicit greater brand loyalty from customers. This finding could enable marketers to accurately grasp the needs of consumers to come up with more efficient strategies to solidify the brand loyalty of customers.
Finally, there were some limits to this study. A variety of brand communities set up by companies weren't covered, and multiple brand communities that dealt with diverse products weren't handled, either. In the future, more extensive research efforts should be made by covering more diverse brands and communities.