As corporate activities focus more on their brand, the concept of brand is playing a more important role in our society. In particular, corporations tend to utilize emotional or symbolic dimensions of brand, as opposed to functional dimensions, to att...
As corporate activities focus more on their brand, the concept of brand is playing a more important role in our society. In particular, corporations tend to utilize emotional or symbolic dimensions of brand, as opposed to functional dimensions, to attract their customers. As such, there is an increasing amount of research being conducted today that focus on Brand Personality and Self-Image to determine the relationship between customers and brand. However, existing research has not been able to explain the development of long-term relationships between customers and brand.
This study examines the impact of the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image on Brand Loyalty. Brand Identification and Brand Attachment are set up as parameters. The subjects of this study were women over 18 years of age living in the Seoul, Inchon, and Kyunggi areas. Of all the questionnaires collected, 251 were included in the analysis which was performed using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The results of the analysis came out to be within the acceptable range of the application model.
Our main findings are as follows:
First, the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image significantly affects Brand Identification, Brand Attachment, and Brand Loyalty. In other words, the more a customer sees the brand as fitting his or her own image, the more identification and attachment the customer will have with the brand, which results in increased brand loyalty.
Second, Brand Identification has a significant impact on Brand Attachment. Essentially, the more a customer identifies the brand with his or her own image, the more affection the customer will feel towards the brand and thus the more attachment the customer will have with the brand.
Third, Brand Identification affects Brand Loyalty indirectly through Brand Attachment. In other words, those who identify a brand with their own image are not necessarily loyal to the brand, but those who identify the brand with their own image tend to be attached to the brand, which results in them being loyal to the brand.
Lastly, Brand Attachment significantly affects Brand Loyalty. In other words, if a customer has affection for a brand, he or she is inclined to repurchase the brand, recommend the brand to others, and potentially pay a premium price for the brand.
This study contributes the following to future research:
First, the study presents a theoretical framework regarding various concepts of Brand. In particular, the study presents a model in which the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image affects Brand Loyalty through Brand Identification and Brand Attachment.
Second, the study provides a theoretical foundation for research in Attachment. Specifically, the study investigates Brand Attachment (as a parameter) which is still a rudimentary concept in the marketing field.
This study contributes the following to business practices:
First, the study proves that Brand Personality plays an important role in maintaining long-term relations between corporations and their customers. Consequently, marketers should create a Brand Personality that fits well with consumer demands.
Second, this study proves that the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-Image significantly affects Brand Loyalty through Brand Identification and Brand Attachment. This study will likely be very insightful for companies in that it underscores the value of maintaining existing customers.
This study has the following limitations:
First, the study uses the Brand Personality Scale (Aaker, 1997) which was specifically designed for Americans. According to Aaker(2000), in the case of Brand Personality, Ruggedness in America corresponds to the Dependability in Japan. Therefore, future research should develop and use an appropriate Brand Personality Scale for Koreans because customers in different countries have different attributes of Brand Personality.
Second, the study deals only with Real Self-Image. In actuality, Self-Image can be categorized into Real Self-Image, Ideal Self-Image, and Social Self-Image(Park & Mittal, 1985). Consequently, future research should consider various dimensions of Self-Image through more refined research designs.