This research is to examine general adults who participated in exercise to improve health from just before taking up regular exercise to more than six months in order to see whether they went through some phases of change toward recreational sports be...
This research is to examine general adults who participated in exercise to improve health from just before taking up regular exercise to more than six months in order to see whether they went through some phases of change toward recreational sports behavior, and what would be influential socio-psychological determining factors for such change, and furthermore when each phase of change advances into the next phase, what its relative significance might be. For this purpose, a total of 838 people, including both recreational sports participants and potential exercise participants took part in this research. Those participants were purposelyselected by a random sampling process for an intended construction, among those who were active in either commercial sports facilities, or registered and were active in peer groups, or took part in department stores or community centers, such as district ward welfare facilities.
The following methods were utilized for this research: health belief model of health behavior theory model, which is often quoted in explaining recreational sport behavior; self efficacy theory by Bandura (1986); rational behaviortheory and projected behavior theory by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975, 1991); integration of conceptually repetitive factors among those factors of phrasal change model and 8 main determining factors (change process feature, communication decision balance, self efficacy, exercise hindrance awareness, exercise regulation awareness, disease sensitivity, health interest, and subjective standard) with a greater effect then the pre-existing researches, as suggested by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983). 92 items were constructed out of these selections.
These methods were used after going through preliminary testing for its credibility and reasonability, and the acquired data from feedback was finalized using a SPSS program through multi change dispersion analysis, a serial of mono dispersion analyses, t-examination, and discrete analysis. The analysis concludes as follows.
Firstly, the process of recreational sport behavior change in adults divides into five phases: indifference phase (6.2%), interest phase (12.4%), preparation phase (8.6%), practice phase (25.1%), and maintenance phase (47.7%). Like Westerners Korean adults also experience these 5 phases of change when they participate in and maintain exercise.
Secondly, the determining factors that influence the recreational sport behavior change in adults are: increased interest of phasic change model feature and stimulus control; individual control efficacy; lower factor of self efficacy, disease sensitivity, which is included in health belief model; disease anxiety; and standard subjective factors of rationality and projected behavior theory. This result suggests that the established and developed health behavior theory in the West is partially worthwhile in explaining the recreational sports behavior change inour adults. In addition, the determining factors marked the differences, depending on the sex and age of the participants.
Thirdly, the expected imperative factors of recreational sports behavior change in adults show differences in the determining factors in each phase: from indifference phase to interest phase; from interest phase to preparation phase; from preparation phase to practice phase; and from practice phase to maintenance phase; that is to say, effectual sympathy, increased interest, and overweight anxiety from indifference phase to interest phase; exercise regulation awareness from interest phase to preparation phase; stimulus control and subjective standard from preparation phase to practice phase; and lastly, increased interest, stimulus control, individual control efficacy, environment overcome efficacy, disease anxiety, and loss factor from practice phase to maintenance phase. This study suggests that the effect of determining factors in the recreational sports behavior change could be different, and to explain and understand the recreational sports behavior change in adults better, existing theories alone are insufficient, therefore this indicates that we are in need of forming and examining a new intergraded model of each phase of recreational sports behavior change.