자기초점적 주의 방식이 우울한 사람들의 자서전적 기억에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study investigated the effects of self-focused attention style on autobiographical memory in the depressed. The exprerimental design was a 2(group: depressive, nondepresseve) X 4(self-focused attention style: experiential, analytical, reflective, distraction) X 3(cue: positive, negative, neutral) three-way mixed design. The groups and the self-focused attention styles were the between-subject variables and the cues were the within-subject variables. Participants were 121 university students, 15 male or female in each condition. Dependent measure was the change of overgeneral memory on autobiographical memory in the depressed.
The procedures of experiment are as follows. Participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Test(AMT) before and after self-focus attentional manipulations. They worte a specific personal memory for each of three positive, three negative, and three neutral cues. In each manipulation conditions, participants focused their attention on their experience, thought about the event and distracted their attention on others thinking about the most unpleasant or painful.
The results are as follows. First, in specific memory compared to overgeneral memory, the result of repeated measures ANOVA showed that overgeneral memory was more than specific memory in depressive group. Thus, this result supported hypothesis Ⅰ and previous studies which suggested that the depressed didn't find it easy to retrieve the sort of specific personal memories. Second, depressive group by self-focus interaction was not significant. Namely, analytical self-focus increased overgeneral memory and reflective self-focus and distraction decreased it, but experiential self-focus increased it. Therefore, they were not systematically significant. Thus, hypothesis Ⅱ-1, Ⅱ-2, Ⅱ-3. Ⅱ-4 were rejected. Third, in positive cues compared to negative cues, the result of repeated measures ANOVA showed that overgeneral memories to positive cues were higher proportion than to negative cues in depressive group, but they were not systematically significant. Therefore, hypothesis Ⅲ was rejected. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for the future study were discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT = 5
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1.연구목적 = 1
• 2. 우울증과 자기초점주의에 관한 연구 = 3
• 1)우울증에 대한 이론 = 3
• 2)자기초점주의에 관한 연구 = 4
• 3)Nolen-Hoeksema의 반응양식이론 = 7
• 4)반복생각하기 반응과 반성적 반응 = 10
• 3. 우울증과 자서전적 기억 = 16
• 1)우울한 사람들의 기억편향 = 18
• 2)우울증을 설명할 수 있는 변인으로서 과일반화 기억 = 19
• 3)우울증에서 반복생각하기와 과일반화기억: 자기초점과 분석적 사고의 영향 = 21
• 4. 연구문제 및 가설 = 26
• Ⅱ. 연구방법 및 절차 = 30
• 1. 실험설계 = 30
• 2. 참여자 = 30
• 3. 절차 = 30
• 4. 독립변인조작 = 32
• 5. 종속변인측정치 = 37
• Ⅲ. 결과 = 38
• 1. 우울집단분류 = 38
• 2. 조작점검 = 43
• 1) 경험적 자기초점의 조작점검 = 43
• 2) 분석적 자기초점의 조작점검 = 45
• 3) 반성적 자기초점의 조작점검 = 47
• 4) 주의분산의 조작점검 = 48
• 3. 자서전적 기억검사의 변화 = 50
• 1) 평정자간 신뢰도 = 50
• 2) 주의조작전 집단에 따른 AMT의 차이 = 52
• (1) 집단에 따른 과일반화 기억과 특정기억의 차이 = 52
• (2) 긍정적 단서와 부정적 단서에 따른 AMT차이 = 53
• 3) 집단, 자기주의에 따른 AMT(우울집단과 자기초점 상호작용효과) = 55
• (1) 긍정적 단서에 대한 과일반화기억변화 = 55
• (2) 부정적 단서에 대한 과일반화기억변화 = 59
• (3) 중립적 단서에 대한 과일반화기억변화 = 62
• Ⅳ. 논의 = 65
• 참고문헌 = 69
• 부록 = 77