Health promotion services in hospitals are becoming a major interest of the health care system due to improvements in medical science and health industry increase in chronic diseases, extension of life span and development of new cost-effective measur...
Health promotion services in hospitals are becoming a major interest of the health care system due to improvements in medical science and health industry increase in chronic diseases, extension of life span and development of new cost-effective measures to control various disorders. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a hospital-based health promotion program for high risk hypertensive clients with quasi-experimental, nonequivalent pretest & posttest control group design at H hospital in G city.
The study subjects were 58 high risk hypertensive clients (experimental group = 29 and control group = 29) classified by JNC-Ⅶ who had participated in a hospital health screening from June, 2003 to September, 2004. The hospital-based health promotion program was developed to modify six risk factors (exercise, diet, weight control, smoking, alcohol and medication) by developing a health contract between an individual client and a nurse. The program consisted of 12 sessions in collaboration with the health promotion team.
The hospital-based health promotion team was composed of an internist, a radiologist, three nurses, two clerks and a DB specialist. The dependent variables were bio-physiological indices: systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, trigryceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCH), high density lipids (HDL) and low density lipids (LDL); health promotion life profile (HPLP) and quality of life (QOL).
The study instruments were a sphygmomanometer (Japan, PYMaH), for checking BP; a Panix FE-810 for body weight; a DX-300 for BMI and body fat; and a H7180 for blood test; an HPLP-K revised by Park, I. S. in 1995; the Korean Psychological General Well-being Index revised by Lee H. K. 1996. The data were collected from December 2003 to April 2005 and analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, ANCOVA, Tukey's Studentized Range(HSD), and Cronbach's alpha using SAS 8.1 program.
The results of this study were as follows:
Hypothesis 1-1: 'SBP & DBP in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' were supported both in SBP (F = 9.08, p= .003) and in DBP (F = 5.79, p = .019)
Hypothesis 1-2: 'Body weight in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was supported since weights decreased significantly in the experimental group (F = 4.19, p = .045), and the same result was found in the two-way ANCOVA (F = 27.12, p = .001).
Hypothesis 1-3: 'BMI in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was fully supported since BMI in the experimental group decreased significantly (F = 11.24, p =.001), and the same result was found in the two-way ANCOVA (F = 6.85, p = .010).
Hypothesis 1-4: 'Body fat in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was fully supported since body fat in the experimental group decreased significantly (F = 34.02, p = .001), and the same result was found in the two-way ANCOVA (F = 20.43, p = .001).
Hypothesis 1-5:'TG in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was rejected. TG in the experimental group and in the control group decreased; but the difference between the groups was not significant (F = 2.88, p = .97).
Hypothesis 1-6: 'TCH in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was rejected. TCH in the experimental group and in the control group decreased; the difference between the groups was not significant (F = 0,43, p = .515).
Hypothesis 1-7: 'HDL in the experimental group will increase more than in the control group' was rejected. On the contrary, HDL in the experimental group decreased somewhat; on the other hand, HDL in the control group also decreased but the difference was not significant (F = 3.24, p = .077).
Hypothesis 1-8:'LDL in the experimental group will decrease more than in the control group' was rejected. LDL in both groups decreased at almost same equivalence (F = 0.13, p = .724).
Hypothesis 2: 'HPLP in the experimental group will increase more than in the control group' was supported since HPLP in the experimental group increased significantly (F = 22.19, p = .001), and the same result was found in the two-way ANCOVA (F = 25.01, p = . 001)
Hypothesis 3: "QOL in the experimental group will increase more than in the control group' was rejected. QOL in the experimental group increased but QOL in the control group was almost the same between the two tests (F = 0.03, p = .871).
The findings show that the hospital-based health promotion program for high risk hypertensive clients had positive impacts on SBP, DBP, body weight, BMI, body fat, and HPLP but negative impacts on other variables. Follow-up longitudinal studies and other programs for health problems such as diabetes and obesity are recommended.