The Article 2 of the Equal Employment Law between Men and Women prescribes sex discrimination as cases where employers change employment or work conditions or give disadvantages to employees by their gender, marital status, position in the family, pre...
The Article 2 of the Equal Employment Law between Men and Women prescribes sex discrimination as cases where employers change employment or work conditions or give disadvantages to employees by their gender, marital status, position in the family, pregnancy and childbirth without any good reasons.
It cannot be denied that various types of sex discrimination actually exist and there are still sex discriminational stereotyped ideas in all work places of Korea. In spite serious consideration on sex discrimination is needed, it is hard to find preceeding studies on sex discrimination for female hotel employees. Therefore, the necessity of studies which can suggest measures to improve competitiveness in the personnel management field of hotel enterprises is more required than ever.
This study is aimed at examining relations between sex discrimination recognized by female hotel employees and their absorption in an organization, working desire, leaving intention. Also, theoretical and managemental suggestions were intended to be improved for efficient female human resource management on the basis of study results.
Five-star hotels, whose personnel management systems are expected to be more advanced than lower class hotels, were selected as the samples of this study. 400 copies of questionnaires were distributed to conduct a survey on female employees working at five-star hotels in Daegu, Busan, Seoul, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gangwon-do from March 15 to April 25, 2005. Frequency analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted on 304 copies of effective samples using SPSS 11.0 and multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify established hypotheses.
As a result of hypothesis verification through empirical analysis, 5 were adopted and 3 were rejected among 8 established hypotheses. Concrete hypothesis verification results are as follows.
First, with regard to the recognition of sex discrimination, compensation discrimination factors were shown to have a negative(-) effect on absorption in an organization, and it implies that female hotel employees hardly have affection or loyalty to an organization if they recognize discrimination on wages and promotion. But training discrimination factors were not shown to have a negative(-) effect on absorption in an organization.
Second, with regard to the recognition of sex discrimination, compensation discrimination factors were not shown to have a negative(-) effect on working desire, and it implies that compensation discrimination recognized by female hotel employees such as wages and promotion doesn't sensitively react to working desire. But training discrimination factors were shown to have a negative(-) effect on working desire.
Third, absorption in an organization was shown to have a negative(-) effect on leaving intention, but working desire was not shown to have a negative(-) effect on leaving intention.
Fourth, with regard to the recognition of sex discrimination, compensation discrimination factors were shown to have a positive(+) effect on leaving intention, and it implies that fair compensation management related to wages and promotion is required to prevent female hotel employees from leaving work places.
And training discrimination was not shown to have a positive(+) effect on leaving intention, and its cause was analyzed as female employees' insufficient participation in training programs and their insufficient recognition.
On the basis of the above study results, managemental suggestions which can be applied to actual affairs are as follows.
First, it was analyzed that female employees accounting for the majority in hotel enterprises recognized discrimination in employment, promotion, compensation and training.
Second, hotel enterprise employers should recognize the ability of female employees from a positive point of view, establish personnel management systems based on ability, execute thorough and fair ability evaluation and result evaluation on female employees, provide reasonable disposition and training and offer the opportunity of fair compensation and promotion.
Third, female employees' positive participation spirit should be inspired by executing career development programs in consideration of their specialty and desire to make them perceive a vision that females also can succeed in an organization and to improve the quality of manpower.
Fourth, profit increase should be focused by seriously recognizing that discrimination on female employees brings about bigger economic loss than a small profit from a strategic hotel management point of view.
Through the results of this study, hotel enterprise managers might see a profit increase effect by efficiently managing female employees, abolishing social recognition on sex discrimination and hiring capable female resources. Furthermore, socio-economic development as well as corporate development can be expected by the cultivation of capable female resources.