점토활동 중심의 집단놀이치료가 결손가정 아동의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 = The Impacts of the Group Play Therapy using Clay Activities on the Self-esteem of Children from a Broken Family

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purposes of this study were to apply the structured group play therapy to the children from a broken family, enhance their self-esteem, and thus alleviate their problematic behaviors. Based on the judgment that clay was the most effective medium to enhance their self-esteem as it's easy to build in whatever ways they wanted, clay activities were inserted in the structured group play therapy in the study.
The subjects included six children from broken families referred by a social worker, who observed them and found them having difficulties in expressing their thoughts or emotions and showing some problematic behaviors such as withdrawal, aggressiveness, and kleptomania. Three of them made the treatment group and the rest three the control group. They didn't receive enough care that they deserved living with a parent, grandparent or relative due to economic hardships after their parents got divorced. Their self-esteem level was low, and the maladaptive behaviors were detected among them.
The pretest and posttest were conducted. The group play therapy using clay activities was made as an independent variable, while the changes to their self-esteem as a dependent variable. The children filled out the self-esteem inventory and were observed in the three areas of aggressive behaviors, social immaturity, and negative expressions in order to see the changes to their self-esteem. The group play therapy was given in 12 sessions in total, each of which lasted 60 minutes. Two sessions were arranged a week. The evaluations were done before and after the therapy. The group play therapy consisted of relaxing activities(five minutes), clay activities(40 minutes), discussions(five minutes), and wrapping up and cleaning(ten minutes). During the clay activities, the focus was placed on their creative expressions and actions rather than on their artistic ability.
The group play therapy followed the order of the initial, activities, and closing stage. In the initial stage, such activities were used as could help them create trust in and intimacy with the group and develop interest in clay. The activities stage was comprised of the exploring and expressing activities. The former included those activities that could promote their understanding of themselves and for others, while the latter helped them express their feelings and participate in interactions more actively. Finally, the closing stage was designed to induce them to reestablish their sense of belonging and extend the group experiences beyond the group.
The research results were as follows;
1. As for the impacts of the therapy on the self-esteem of the children from broken families, the treatment group increased self-esteem in the lower areas.
2. The impacts of the therapy were observed in the aspect of the changes to their behaviors during a session. The frequency decreased in all the three areas of aggressive behaviors, social immaturity, and negative expressions. Those behaviors that were dominating in the early stage went through the biggest downturn in the later stage.
3. It was also observed how their behaviors were changed outside the therapy room. The treatment group decreased the times they were engaged in a behavior from the three areas of aggressive behaviors, social immaturity, and negative expressions. Among them, the greatest decrease came from the aggressive behaviors.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 의의 = 1
• 2. 연구문제 = 2
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 결손가정 아동의 자아존중감 = 5
• 2. 자아존중감 향상과 집단놀이치료 = 7
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 11
• 1. 연구대상 = 11
• 2. 연구설계 = 12
• 3. 연구절차 = 12
• 4. 연구도구 = 13
• 5. 점토활동 중심의 집단놀이치료 프로그램 구성 = 16
• 6. 자료처리 = 19
• Ⅳ. 결과 = 20
• 1. 자아존중감의 변화 = 20
• 2. 놀이회기 내에서 아동의 행동 변화 = 23
• 3. 치료실 이외 장면에서 아동의 행동 변화 = 27
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 = 29
• 1. 논의 = 29
• 2. 제언 = 35
• 참고문헌 = 36
• Abstract = 42
• 부록 = 45
• 부록 1 자아존중감 검사 = 46
• 부록 2 행동 관찰 기록지 = 48
• 부록 3 점토활동 중심의 집단놀이치료 세부 프로그램 = 49
• 부록 4 관찰회기 진행과정 요약 = 55
• 부록 5 점토의 특성 = 58