집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Group Art Therapy to The Public Official's Job Stress

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살피기 위한 것으로, 구체적인 연구목적은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스 요인(책임압박감, 시간압박감, 업무량과다, 역할갈등, 역할의 모호성, 보상인식)에 미치는 영향을 살핀다.
둘째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 스트레스 증세 요인(생리적 증세, 심리적 증세, 행동적 증세)에 미치는 영향을 살핀다.
셋째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스 결과 요인(직무성과, 직무만족)에 미치는 영향을 살핀다.
본 연구에서는 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 실험군과 통제군을 각각10명씩 모두 20명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며 주2회 50분씩 총 10회기를 실시하였다. 또한 치료적 효과를 알아보기 위해서 직무스트레스 검사지(Ivancevich & Matterson, 1979)를 사전과 사후에 실시하여 그 변화를 MANCOVA로 분석하였다.
본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스 요인에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 하위 요인인 책임압박감, 시간압박감, 업무량과다, 역할 갈등, 외적보상에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 업무영역, 직무에 대한 정보, 상급자의 기대 등의 역할모호성과 수행능력, 직급에 대한 평가, 직무의 가치, 직무에 대한 권한 등의 내적보상에는 긍정적으로 변화되었다.
둘째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 스트레스 증세 요인에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 하위 요인인 심리적 증세(미래에 대한 걱정, 우울, 불만족)에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않았으며 피로, 수면, 소화장애 등의 생리적 증세와, 술과 흡연, 출근에 대한 부정적인 감정, 화를 자주 내는 등의 행동적 증세는 긍정적으로 변화되었다.
셋째, 집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스 결과요인에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과 하위 요인인 직무성과(업무에 대한 창의적인 노력, 높은 수준의 업무성과, 업무에 대한 집중도)와 직무만족(업무에 대한 만족, 자부심, 성취감등 자신의 직무에 대한 만족도)모두 긍정적으로 변화되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is that using a Group Art Therapy (GAT) as a psychological approach to manage the public servant's job stress made them express each individual's feelings and change an attitude toward one's duty, and, in addition, increase an efficiency in work and a satisfaction of one's duty by suggesting GAT as a cope scheme with job stress.
This study participants were twenty officials in the public office in southern district in Daegu who showed high stress level in a stress questionnaire from 220 sheets of them, and then they were randomly placed in two different groups: a half of them were in control group and the rest half in experimental. Pretest and post-test control group design was used for verify the effects of GAT to the public official's stress, and the procedures of this study were identifying an object, pretest, implementation, and post-test in order. It had been applied in lunch break (12:00~13:00) total of 10 sessions (2 sessions/week) from April to May, 2005.
The test method was rearranged total of 38 statements according to the purpose of the study from The Job Stress Rating Scale (Ivancevich & Matterson, 1979) translated by Kim, Il-kyeung (1999), and was formatted by Likert scale. The contents of scale were three main groups: pressure of responsibility, pressure of time limits, overcharging duties, conflict in one's role, ill-defined one's role, and internal compensation under the causing factors of job stress, physiological, psychological, and behavioral symptoms under the symptom factors of job stress, and nature of duty, satisfaction of duty were subordinated under the resulting factors of job stress.
The more scores on the causing factors and the symptom factors meant the greater stress, while the less scores on the resulting factors meant the greater stress.
This study sought for reliability of scale by computing the Cronbach α coefficient, and it was compared original scores in The Job Stress Rating Scale among three main factors.
The results of this study were as follows;
First, the effects of GAT were different in the causing factors of job stress. The outcomes were differed on each subordinated factors, however it affected positively to ill-defined role and internal compensation.
Second, the effects of GAT were also differed in the stress symptom factors: Positive to physiological and behavioral factors, but no effect on psychological factors.
Finally, the resulting fators of the public official's job stress were influenced positively by GAT.
Based on these results, it could say that the subordinated factors were differed in result, but in general effectiveness of GAT was optimistic. In addition, GAT was useful to the participants knowing that the positive changes was shown in pre- and post-test, and was also supported with the results as an efficient psychological approach and a practical research.
A limitation of this study was the lack of generalization because of limited representative, so future research opportunities abound for more various area and social spectrum would/might result differently. Another area of potential research would be a thorough examination of the effects of different sexual groups or/and mixed.
Despite the limitation of this study, the result furnished meaningful data for the effectiveness of Art Therapy in system of public office. To do for the public officials who face the stress, it could tell that the effects of Art Therapy as a psychological support to them would increase efficiencies of the national administration.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제의 제기 = 1
• 2. 연구 목적 = 3
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 직무스트레스 = 5
• 2. 공무원의 직무스트레스 = 11
• 3. 공무원의 직무스트레스 대처방안과 집단미술치료 = 13
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 20
• 1. 연구 대상 = 20
• 2. 연구절차 = 22
• 3. 측정 도구 = 23
• 4. 미술치료 프로그램 = 24
• 5. 자료처리 = 27
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 = 28
• 1. 직무스트레스 요인변화 = 28
• 2. 스트레스 증세요인 변화 = 30
• 3. 직무스트레스 결과요인 변화 = 32
• Ⅴ. 논의 = 35
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 = 41
• 1. 결론 = 41
• 2. 제언 = 42
• 참고문헌 = 43
• Abstract = 48
• 부록 = 51