2000/2002年 國內 口蹄疫 發生現況 및 防疫政策 比較에 關한 硏究 = Comparative study on the epidemiology and control measures of 2000/2002 foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영문초록:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth, nose, teat and hoof of cloven-hoofed animals. Because FMD is one of the most important political and economical animal infectious diseases in the world, the disease is designated as a List A disease by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE). The disease is also categorized as a first class livestock infectious diseases by the Act of Prevention of Infectious Disease of Livestock in Korea.This study was conducted to verify proprieties of the control measures and endeavors made by the Korean authorities to eradicate FMD during the outbreaks in 2000/2002 in Korea. In addition, the policies of the control measures taken during the FMD outbreaks in 2000 and 2002 were compared and analyzed to evaluate the differences and the strong and weak points.In 2000, FMD outbreak occurred in the Republic of Korea for the first time in sixty-six years, which had been free from the disease since 1934. However, the country regained the status of FMD free country by OIE on September 2001 through the cooperative efforts of government authorities, farmers, and related agencies to eradicate the disease. In 2002, FMD was broke out again in the central part of Korea, but it was eradicated and subsequently authorized as a FMD free country by OIE on November 2002.The FMD viruses isolated from the outbreaks in 2000 and 2002 in Korea were both confirmed as being Pan Asia type O1. It was also confirmed that the viruses isolated from the outbreak in 2000 and 2002 were different strains by analyzing the gene sequences of the viruses. The result indicated that the FMD outbreak in 2002 occurred, not by the reoccurrence of the same virus responsible for the outbreak in 2000, but by the introduction of a new strain of FMD virus into Korea. The genetic information of 2002 FMD virus isolate in Korea was found to be close to those viruses isolated from the outbreaks in China and Mongolia in 2000.The biggest difference of the control measures against FMD between the outbreaks in 2000 and in 2002 was the practice of emergency vaccination within 10 km radius from the infected farm. When the vaccination was performed in 2000, a waiting period of a year after the last vaccination was required to regain FMD free status without slaughtering all the vaccinated animals. As a result, it took 18 months to regain the recognition as a FMD free country from the OIE. In addition, there were many unexpected problems to manage the vaccinated animals. In contrast, when emergency vaccination was not practiced in 2002, it took only seven months to regain the status of FMD free country from the OIE.When the stamping out measures on the FMD infected farms and the neighboring farms which were conducted in the UK in 2001 were compared with those conducted in Korea in 2002, it was found that the control actions taken by Korean authorities were much faster than those taken in the UK and this may have been an important factor in greatly limiting the spread of FMD to neighbouring farms. The lessons learned from the experience of FMD control in Korea indicated that the early notification of suspected case, accurate diagnosis, and the strong and rapid control measures against the disease are the most important in minimizing the damage from the infectious disease.During the last decade there were significant increase in the number of travelers to and from foreign countries a well as international trade resulting from the Uruguay Round (UR) treaty and DDA agreements. Consequently the risk of introduction of malignant exotic animal diseases has become greater than ever especially due to rapid expansion of the trade with many Asian countries which are FMD and Classical Swine Fever (CSF) endemic. Despite of increase effects of the government to strong quarantine systems, some exotic animal diseases such as FMD was introduced in the country, suggesting that there were some weaknesses in this system. Taking this point into consideration, all the parties concerned including the central and local government as well as academic circles and association of livestock farmers should make an united effort for the effective animal disease control system in the future.The summary of the conclusion and suggestions that can be elicited from the results of this study are as follows: Firstly, there is a need for more effective education and publicity programs. Although the public information activities are being conducted, awareness of farmers and the related organizations about importance of the disease control has not yet been established firmly. Therefore a strategic public information should be addressed. Secondly, due to the increasing number of foreign workers in the livestock farms, education for the foreign workers as well as the farm owners should be conducted continuously. Thirdly, absence of keeping records in farm, which is specified by the law, was pointed out as a major problem in early prevention of the disease. Strict enforcement measures should be taken for the farms to maintain records. Fourthly, specialists for animal disease control should be trained and maintained. Recently the frequent outbreaks of malignant infectious animal disease and emerging zoonoses have become global concerns in many countries. Therefore, training of experts in every parts concerned including epidemiology, risk analysis, and economic analysis is necessary to reinforce for the future disease control system