국어 은유의 연구 = (A) Study on the korean metaphor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the purpose of this thesis, I'll be helpful to the expansion of language ability and harmonious communication ability through the survey of metaphor. It is necessary for us to attain shared information to some degree in certain situation in order to achieve communication. Therefore, In this thesis I mentioned metaphor in the viewpoint of recognition with placing emphasis on consideration about language's metaphor as medium of communication. To summarize the contents of discussion until now I can confirm that metaphor appear in daily lives subconsciously to express the expression of routine with effectively. Recently the survey of metaphor is expanding to another field actively. Some people even say that "Daily language is metaphor". In reality, in the lives of our language, metaphor occupy much specific gravity. However the survey of metaphor - representative of indirect expression is to accumulate hidden meaning about the mind of society and culture. Besides, it made me realize metaphor is the process of guide outlook on the world, daily understanding and imagination together. Therefore, In this thesis, I looked into following contents in priority by paying attention to above points.
1. The discussion about metaphor begins with philosophist, Aristotle, since then philosophists have thought that metaphor is the simile of conversation, that is, decoration of expression, mainly restricted to section of literature. However, Lately that is the main concern to the philosophist, linguist, even psychologist. Thus they cause metaphor to be the foundation of general theory about the meaning of language.
2. The theory of metaphor about "What is metaphor?" was systematized by Richards and Black with the coming twentieth century. Especially, Black established three conceptions of replacement, comparison, interaction about metaphor. After that, this conception was classified to philosophical theory. Also, it was presented in the viewpoint of lovely face by Searle(1979). But I discussed the metaphor in the point of conception, that is, in recognition. In this article, I proved that metaphor was conception or the means of meaning's creation that is cognitive function by the way of psychological viewpoint. Also, I analyzed representative scholar's theory such as Lakoff and Johnson. And I demonstrated the example of metaphorical expression according to the type of national language and classification. Therefore, metaphor is one of expansive technology as the means of expansion about limitation of language expression.
3. The moment of metaphorical genesis is following this.
a. Not separation among God, matter, language.
b. Representation of sublimation, satisfied aspiration, feeling and emotion.
c. Principle of economic language, synonym's expansion, index.
d. Principle of meaningful rhythm.(Yoon Hong Ro)
e. The pattern of language expression is changing and diversifying greatly ccording to sudden change together change of society.
4. The survey of metaphor must be important and looked into about implicit nature. Metaphor can be interpreted according to context or position of writer or reader.
5. Until now, in the literary expression, mainly visual language was overwhelming. The visual phenomenon of image is the emphasis of pictures in the poems. These is also the pattern of expression equal to the trend from center of musical nature to visual expression, that is, the traits of modernism's poem.
In this article, mainly as result of example's analysis about poem's work of modernism party shows more metaphorical, visible expression of poem language. This shows the expression of language continuously change and develop according to our society's continuous change.
6. The restoration of metaphorical expression to another sentence of explanation connects the theory of natural quality, which can reached comprehension through moving of residence, combination, replacement according to theory of Levin. Also, he defined metaphor of language as abnormal deviation of expression, he tried to explain metaphor to theory of fixed range. But metaphor was confirmed as phenomenon of language only by the theory of opening range can be realized.
7. Because the metaphorical expressions have outward class of structure in the source of metaphor, one can fail to notice this point in viewpoint of singular speaking. The inner structure of metaphor is evidence connected to creation of language. So to speak, the creation of language can generate in dimension of combination, this combination is metaphorical combination. Therefore, I'll conclude the formation of metaphor connected to recognizable viewpoint. Thus the connection between language and recognition is the connection of creative mental activity, not fixed connection.
8. In the research of died and sourced metaphor, died metaphor was generated and customary in personally and community. Sourced metaphor is the result of mankind's community. This usually generated by identifying abstraction and concrete in the process of recognition. Because these two kinds of metaphor frequently generate and have a system in the phenomenon of general language, those were divided into directed metaphor and substantial metaphor. Also, those were divided into materialism, personification, instrumentalism. Besides, nowadays increasing metaphors were divided into in daily routine, or newspaper's article. Here our language as sourced language cannot become a language unless it expressed some situation. That is to say, metaphor as large component of language should be understood by innate character and recognizant character.
Finally, language is the part of recognizant ability especially connect with that closely such as the category of connection. The existence of language always exist conception. That conception means basic system of vocabulary. Also, our human being has ability that looking for conception, after looking for conception by using this, our human being categorize around individual. We can understand diversity of vocabulary through conception as basis of conception. The purity of conception establish original meaning. This original meaning as basic meaning of substantial meaning becomes criterion that expand vocabulary.
We can know the nature of gathering through the meaning of diverse expansion. The principle of metaphorical expansion can be comprehended by means of the principle of abstraction and identification that basis on recognition can become a general principle applied to understanding another vocabulary.
In short, the survey about metaphor was recognized about limitation in understanding metaphor to previous linguistic, analytic standpoint. Thus recognized approach of analysis was introduced recently. Like this survey such as scholar Lakeoff and Johnson(1980) asserted that metaphor of conception was the result of physical experience, not the result of rhetorical imagination.
It was ascertained that the interpretation of metaphor is more desirable recognized approach rather than meaning viewpoint. I can know that the pattern of recognition connect with physical conception directly or indirectly. Also, recognition is the result of imagination to abstract sphere by means of picture of image. The formation of metaphor forms by physical experience in daily life. Especially, it was thought that only mankind can understand metaphor about emotion or metaphor about accidental structure by introducing theory of circle. Especially, it was ascertain that thinking power of mankind connect with physicality and imagination. Also, it shows that most metaphor basis on physical experience. This thesis presented following hypothesis in the introductory part.
First, The metaphors were made by physical experience.
Second, The meaning of vocabulary connects with metaphor's interpretation directly.
Third, Metaphor is productive function of language, also, express creative ability of mankind.
Finally, The purpose of metaphor's survey is pure aspects of linguistics. It is necessary to survey the structure and meaning in advance. After that, proceeding to psycho-linguistics, social-linguistics survey should be made at the same time. At this thesis, I admit that it was to some degree insufficient to search for surveying of metaphor deeply. Afterward, I feel something wanting insufficient survey about attention and academic research by many scholars. I'll finish this thesis with following. It was necessary to publish dictionary specializing in metaphor.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ.서론 = 1
• 1.1 문제의 제기와 연구 목적 = 1
• 1.2 선행 연구와 이론적 배경 = 3
• 1.3 연구의 구성과 방법 = 6
• Ⅱ. 인지의미론의 개념과 특성 = 7
• 2.1 인지의미론의 개념 = 7
• 2.2 인지의미론의 특성 = 17
• 2.3 요약 = 18
• Ⅲ. 국어 은유의 인지의미론적 양상 = 20
• 3.1 은유와 인지 = 20
• 3.2 국어 은유의 표현 양상 = 26
• 3.3 국어 은유의 유형 = 37
• 3.4 국어 은유의 의미 구조 = 42
• 3.5 요약 = 50
• Ⅳ. 결론 = 52
• *참고 문헌 = 55
• *ABSTRACT = 74