미얀마의 개혁개방과 북한에 대한 시사점 군사주의, 고립, 경제제재의 동학 = Myanmar`s Reform and Opening and Its Implications to North Korea Dynamics of Militarism, Isolation, and Sanctions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Myanmar has attracted international attention since its decision to take reform and opening policies. The Military regime ruled the country for decades. Its hostile treatment toward civil movement made Myanmar an isolated country over 20 years. Its drastic strides toward reform and opening comes from the determination of the military elites. Domestically, the regime tried to restore their legitimacy in the face of its emerging pro-democracy rivalry, NLD. Externally, the military rulers wanted to avoid its dependence on China and receive international help. This paper pays attention to the fact that the political and foreign circumstances of Myanmar before its recent changes are very similar with those of current North Korea. Despite their distinctive differences in history and domestic situations, they have parallels of isolation, militarism, and sanctions. The two countries were also dependent on China owing to sanctions by western countries. The military tried to control every phases of Myanmar’s transition. It is still uncertain that the military could give up on its privileges for developing democracy. However, it is a desirable model for North Korea with a fast and peaceful transition. The purpose of this paper is to examine Myanmar’s reform and opening as a new model for North Korea. By analyzing the causes and processes of Myanmar’s recent transition, this paper seeks implications for North Korea. This paper emphasizes the importance of structuring the environment of North Korea’s decision. The Myanmar model encourages North Korea to reach out its hands toward international society first. If North Korea decides to take the road of a reform and opening, the international countries will ease sanctions and normalize their relationship with North Korea in response.