한국 발전주의 생산레짐과 복지체제의 형성 = The Historical Formation of the Developmental Production and Welfare Regimes in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지난 IMF 경제위기를 극복하는 과정에서 김대중 정부의 "생산적 복지"개혁을 계기로 전국민 사회보험체제와 국민기초생활보장제도의 도입으로 적어도 형식적인 제도적 틀에서 볼 때 복지국가로서의 면모를 갖추게 되었다. 이런 맥락에서 국내학계에서도 한국 복지국가의 성장과정과 그 특징에 대한 다양한 연구들이 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 많은 연구들이 서구 선진복지국가들의 역사적 경험을 바탕으로 발전된 에스핑-안데르센의 복지유형론이 그 준거 틀로서 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 에스핑-안데르센의 복지체제 유형론이 한국을 비롯한 동아시아 맥락에서 적용되었을 때의 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 에스핑-안데르센의 복지유형론을 비판적으로 검토하고, 최근 비교정치경제분야에서 새롭게 부상하고 있는 자본주의 다양성(varieties of capitalism)의 시각을 보완한 새로운 분석틀을 제시하고 한국의 복지제도의 역사적 발전과정을 재해석 하였다. 그럼으로써, 그동안에 한국복지제도의 성장과 발전과정에서의 그동안 간과해왔던 인과관계들을 밝히고, 한국의 사회변동의 격동기라고 할 수 있는 IMF 경제위기의 복지제도의 변화를 설명할 수 있는 이론적 틀과 경험적 인과적 설명을 위한 기초를 제공하고 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The "productive welfare" reforms undertaken by the Kim Dae Jung government during the IMF financial crisis became an important historical event in upgrading the previous Korean welfare system into "the Korea welfare state." This expansion of the welfare system in Korea triggered some interesting academic explanations as well as debates about the natures of the Korean welfare system as well as the productive welfare reforms. The Esping-Andersen`s three models of welfare regime had been predominantly applied to those efforts. However, his analytical framework revealed many problems and limitations when it applied to the East Asian context as well as the Korean case where the welfare system had its own developmental logics. Being aware of this critical problem, this paper adopts the perspectives of "the varieties of capitalism", which is emphasizing the role of production regime in the development of the welfare regime, develops a synthesis model enabling us to explaining some peculiar historical developmental pathways of the Korean welfare policies, and reinterprets some important causalities that the previous studies had dismissed. By doing so, this paper ultimately aims at providing new analytical and empirical bases for the next studies of the post-crisis development of the Korean production and welfare regimes.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "＂김대중 정부의 복지개혁과 한국 복지제도 성격 논쟁에 대하여: 발전주의 유산과 복지개혁의 한계" 서울: 인간과 복지 385-448, 2002

2 "한국의 실업구조의 특징과 정책방향" 5집 (5집): 3-57, 1998

3 "한국의 실업구조와 신인력정책 한국노동연구원" 1993

4 "한국의 산업화시기 숙련제도와 복지제도의 기원: 생산레짐 시각에서 본 1962-1986년의 재해석" 35집 (35집): 85-104, 2004

5 "한국의 독점자본과 임노동" 1988

6 "한국사회복지제도의 초기형성에 관한 연구" 3집 : 309-352, 1996

7 "한국복지국가의 성격논쟁 I" 서울: 인간과 복지 2002

8 "한국노동시장 구조의 분절과 기업복지 급여의 불평등: 이중노동시장론과 효율임금이론을 중심으로" 172-206, 2002

9 "한국 사회와 관료적 권위주의 문학과 지성사" 1988

10 "유신체제의 연금제도와 의료보험을 중심으로" 27 : 493-516, 1993

11 "복지국가 연구의 최근 동향과 쟁점: 자본주의 다양성 이론과 복지국가 재편논쟁" 405-456, 2007

12 "김대중 정부의 사회복지정책: 신자유주의를 넘어서" 서울: 인간과 복지 109-141, 2002

13 "글로벌 경제와 한국의 이중노동시장" 극동문제연구소 147-183, 1996

14 "근로복지의 개념, 등장과 성격, 그리고 변화" (23) : 77-111, 2004

15 "권위주의 한국의 국가와 임금정책 임금규제의 정치학" 65-97, 1993

16 "구조조정과 사회복지: 발전국가 사회복지 파라다임의 붕괴와 김대중 정부의 과제" 35집 (35집): 279-292, 2001

17 "“한국의 복지정책 ‘형식적 기업복지의 이론적 기반" 26 : 83-115, 1992

18 "“한국 기업복지의 전개와 성격” 경제와 사회" 16 : 46-61, 1992

19 "“세계화와 한국의 노동 힘의 균형과 실용주의적 관계를 위하여" 28 : 2319-2359, 1994

20 Pedersen, "and the Origins of the Welfare State" Cambridge University Press 1993

21 "and the Development of Social Security Policy in Korea" Indiana University 1992

22 "Welfare State in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Perspectives" London: Sage 1996

23 Manow, Philip, "Welfare State Building and Coordinated Capitalism in Japan and Germany" Itaca: Cornell University Press 2001a

24 "Welfare Regimes in East Asia and Europe" 2000

25 Ku, Yeun-wen, "Welfare Capitalism in Taiwan: State, Economy and Social Policy" London: Macmillan 1997

26 "Varieties of Capitalism" Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001

27 "Unions, Employers, and Central Banks: Macro Economic Coordination and Institutional Change in Social Market Economies" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000

28 "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism" Princeton: Princeton University Press 1990

29 Park, "The Republic of Korea Institutions and Economic Growth in Asia International Institute for Labour Studies" 1994

30 "The Political Economy of Social Policy Formation In State and Development in the Asian Pacific Rim" 1992

31 "The Political Economy of Industrial Policy" Macmillan 1994

32 "The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism: Germany and Japan in Comparison" Itaca: Cornell University Press 2001

33 "The Myth of the Powerless State" Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1998

34 "The Limits of Social Democracy Investment Politics in Sweden" Cornell University Press 1992

35 "The Korean Economy 1945-1995: Performance and Vision for the 21st Century" Seoul: KDI 1997

36 Johnson, "The Growth of Industrial Poicy" Stanford University Press 19821925-1975

37 "The Forgoting Link: the Financial Regulatio of Japanese Pension Funds in Comparative Perspective" London: Routledge 190-216, 2001

38 "The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism" Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2003

39 "The East Asian Model of Economic Policy" Penn: The Pennsylvania State University Press 2002

40 "The Developmental State" Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1998

41 O'Connor,, "States, Markets, Families: Gender, Liberalism and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999

42 "Social Welfare Development in East Asia" palgrave 2000

43 "Social Protection and the Formation of Skills: A Reinterpretation of the Welfare State" Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001

44 "Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies" Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999

45 "Race to the Swift State and Finance in Korean Industrialization" Columbia University Press 1991

46 "Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia" 48 : 706-723, 2000

47 "Politics against Market the Social Democratic Road to Power" Princeton Princeton University Press 1985

48 "Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity" London: Sage Publications 1997

49 "Occupational Welfare and the Japanese Experience" New York: Oxford University Press 1996

50 "National Diversity and Global Capitalism" Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1996

51 "Models of Capitalism: Lessons for Latin America" Penn: The Pennsylvania State University Press 2002

52 "Labour institutions and economic development in the Republic of Korea Institutions and Economic Growth in Asia International Institute for Labour Studies" 1994

53 "Labor Movements in Transition to Democracy" 455-472, 1989

54 Pempel, T. J, "Labor Exclusion and Privatized Welfare: Two Keys to Asian Capitalist Development" Penn: The Pennsylvania State University Press 2002

55 Koo, Hagen, "Korean Workers: The Culture and Politics of Class Formation" Ithaca. Cornell University Press 2001

56 "Korea: The Misunderstood Crisis" 26 : 1555-1561, 1998

57 "Introduction: studying varieties of welfare capitalism" London: Routledge 1-26, 2001b

58 "Hybrid or Unique?: The Japanese Welfare State Between Europe and America" 7 : 179-189, 1997

59 "How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004

60 "Gender, Equality and Welfare States" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996

61 "Financial Development in Korea" Harvard University Press 19831945-1978

62 "Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation" Princeton: Princeton University Press 1995

63 "Economic theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization" Princeton Princeton University Press 1990

64 "Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective" Harvard University Press 1962

65 "Divergent Production Regimes: Coordinated and Uncoordinated Market Economies in the 1980s and 1990s" 1999

66 "Development and Crisis of the Welfare State: Parties and Policies in Global Market" Chicago: Chicago University Press 2000

67 "Creating Cooperation: How States Develop Human Capital in Europe" Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 2003

68 Kitschelt,, "Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism" Cambrige: Cambridge University Press 1999

69 "Contemporary Capitalism" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1997

70 "Comparing Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy and Political Economy in Europe, Japan and USA" London: Routledge 2001a

71 "Changing capital-labour relations in South Korea" Aldershot: Edward Elgar 1995

72 "Capitalist against Markets: The Making of Labor Markets and Welfare States in the United States and Sweden" New York: Oxford University Press 2001

73 Iversen, Torben, "Capitalism, Democracy, and Welfare" Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005

74 Lue, Jen-Der, "Can the East-Asian Welfare Capitalism sustain through the Challenge of Globalization?: Taiwan's Social Policy Regime in Transition" 2002

75 Manow, Philip, "Business Coordination, Wage Bargaining and the Welfare State: Germany and Japan in Comparative Historical Perspective" London: Routledge 2001b

76 "Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies" Oxford: Oxford University Press 2004

77 "Asia's Next Giant" Oxford University Press 1989