일제강점기 서대문형무소 여수감자 현황과 특징 = Status and Features of Female Prisoners at Seodaemun Prison during the Japanese Occupation Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined status and features of imprisoned female independenceactivists at ‘Seodaemun prison’ a representative prison during the Japaneseoccupation period. For this purpose, the ‘prison record card’ containing varioustypes of personal information such as name of prisoners, age, address and sentencewas used. However, there are only 181 records for female prisoners at Seodaemunprison during the Japanese occupation period. Most prison record cards for femaleprisoners were destroyed and only 10% of the imprisoned female prisoners havetheir records.
The result of analysis of the record on 181 female prisoners is as below.
Firstly, Japan changed the form of prison record card according to the changeof colonial operation system in order to reinforce the control of imprisoned figuresby the independence movement.
Secondly, as for the age at the imprisonment period, 10s were 64, 20s were72, 30s were 22 and over 40s were 23. Thus, 10s and 20s accounted for 75.1%.
It shows that 10s and 20s took majority in the participation of the independencemovement.
Thirdly, occupations of female prisoners varied including factory workers, officeemployees, nurses, pastors, missionaries and peddlers. It shows diversity of classesand diversity of political line in the independence movement of Korea.
Fourthly, as for origin of birth, Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon, adjacent regionsto Seodaemun prison, accounted for the largest with 78. It was followed byHamgyeongbuk-do with 32, which shows that women from the northern regionparticipated in the independence movement progressively.
Fifthly, some records on sentence and prison period in the prison record cardby the prison authority during the Japanese occupation period are different fromfacts. Some recorded shorter period of imprisonment than actual imprisoned periodand there were some cases of conditional release right before the death from tortureor death from disease in order to avoid responsibilities. And, there were somecases of prolonged pending period to imprison more period than actual sentence.
Those demonstrate a ‘severe punishment policy’ of the Japanese imperialism againstthe independence activists.
The above analysis shows that participation of female independence activistsin the independence movement was as active as that of male activists. And, femaleprisoners under ‘political offender’ had to take imprisoned life under strictsupervision and suppression of the Japanese imperialism.
However, there is still insufficient conferment of a decoration or study on femaleindependence activists. It is expected to have activated interests and studies onthem by taking this opportunity.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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2 "중외일보"

3 "조선총독부 통계연보 1937년"

4 "조선중앙일보"

5 조선총독부 법무국행형과, "조선의 행형제도" 치형협회 1938

6 김정아, "일제강점기 독립운동가 ｢假出獄關係書類｣에 대한 검토" 한국독립운동사연구소 (41) : 235-273, 2012

7 "신한민보"

8 이종민, "식민지하 근대감옥을 통한 통제 메카니즘 연구 : 일본의 형사처벌 체계와의 비교" 延世大學校 大學院 1999

9 "사상휘보"

10 "사상월보"

11 "매일신문"

12 "동아일보"

13 국가보훈처, "독립유공자 공훈록"

14 독립운동사편찬위원회, "독립운동사 2" 고려서림 1983

15 박경목, "대한제국 말기 일제의 경성감옥 설치와 본감 ‧ 분감제 시행" 한국근현대사학회 (46) : 81-104, 2008

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17 김광섭, "나의옥중기" 창작과비평사 1976

18 이정은, "3·1운동의 얼 유관순" 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2010

19 박경목, "1930년대 서대문형무소의 일상" 한국근현대사학회 (66) : 65-116, 2013