영조대 到記儒生殿講에 대한 고찰 = A Study of Irregular Palace Oral Examinations during King Yŏngjo’s Reign

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the beginning of the dynasty, Chosŏn’s kings personally held oral examinations for Confucian students at the palace. By the early seventeenth century, this practice became standardized as Regular Palace Oral Examination (ilch’a chŏn’gang 日次殿講) that was held on the fifteenth day of even-number months. Interestingly, King Yŏngjo had a penchant for holding Irregular Oral Examinations, known as togi yusaeng chŏn’gang 到記儒生殿講, and experimenting with literary examinations, and as a consequence, the concurrent holding of both types of irregular examinations became known as ch’un togi and ch’u togi by 1777. Why, then, did King Yŏngjo hold Irregular Palace Oral Examinations with increasing frequency? And why was a literary component introduced to the palace oral examinations? This study examines the defining characteristics of Irregular Palace Oral Examinations by analyzing the changing contexts surrounding the initial introduction of togi chŏn’gang and the subsequent transformation of togi chŏn’gang into ch’un togi and ch’u togi.

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