신흥국 기업의 산업별 글로벌화 유형 연구:기업 경쟁력과 국제화 수준을 고려한 격차모형 = Globalization Paths of Emerging Market Firms: A Comparison of Emerging Markets and Advanced Economies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper tries to classify types of Emerging Market firms’ globalization as well as figure out their paths of development. The Competitiveness-Globalization Model was developed particularly for this purpose. The three major emerging market firms in each 27 industrial fields were mapped on the Competitiveness-Globalization Model. Thirteen fields were in the low competitiveness/low globalization segment(III), meaning that the competitiveness and globalization of the Emerging Market firms in those fields are lower than peer firms in Advanced Economies. There is only one field in the high competitiveness/high globalization segment(I), six in the low competitiveness/high globalization(II) and seven in the high competitiveness/low globalization(IV). The findings in this paper suggest that Emerging Market firms in the fourth segment(IV) have a high possibility of moving into the first segment(I) by accelerating globalization. Other globalization paths analyzed in this research are Strengthen Value-added Functions(from II to I) and Leap from Springboard(from III to I). Among these paths, Fast Globalization(from IV to I) poses strongest threat to multinational enterprises from Advanced Economies.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 대규모 데이터를 활용해 신흥국 기업의 산업별 글로벌화 특징을 실증 분석했다.
본 연구는 몇몇 사례만을 활용해 신흥국 기업의 글로벌화 특징을 분석한 기존 연구들의 한계점을 극복하고, 구체적인 수치를 분석하는 방법을 사용해 기존 연구들을 뒷받침했다는 데 의미가 있다. 본 연구는 글로벌화 수준과 경쟁력을 기준으로 신흥국 기업을 4가지 유형으로 분류했다. 경쟁력과 글로벌 수준이 높은 (1)글로벌시장 주도자 유형에는 제철 및 철제품 산업이포함됐다. 경쟁력은 낮지만 글로벌 수준이 높은 (2)저비용 파트너 유형으로는 인도의 IT기업들이 포함된 사업서비스를 대표적 산업으로 꼽을 수 있다. 경쟁력과 글로벌 수준이 모두 낮은(3)내수중심 저가시장 공략자 유형에는 한국의 주요 수출산업인 전기 및 전자제품, 운송기계산업 등이 포함됐다. 경쟁력은 높지만 글로벌화 수준이 아직 낮은 (4)내수기반 해외시장 공략자 유형에는 자국의 대규모 개발사업에 참여함으로써 사업경험을 쌓은 신흥국의 건설업 등이포함됐다. 이 논문에서 제시한 신흥국 기업의 산업별 유형 분류는 국내기업들이 빠르게 성장하고 있는 신흥국 기업에 대한 대응전략을 수립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는산업 수준에서 신흥국 기업의 글로벌화 특징을 분석한 수준에 머물고 있다. 향후에는 본 연구에서 제시한 신흥국 기업 목록을 기반으로 기업 수준에서 신흥국 기업의 경쟁력 원인을 연구할 필요가 있을 것이다.

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