부정문항이 포함된 척도의 요인구조 및 방법효과 검증과 남녀 간의 차이 비교: Rosenberg 자기존중감 척도를 중심으로 = Measurement Invariance of Self-Esteem between Male and Female Adolescents and Method Effects Associated with Negatively Worded Items

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In many scales in social science, negatively worded items were often employed to prevent bias of response tendency. However, using the negatively worded items in the scale might reduce its reliability and distort its factor structure. In order to clarify those problems, researchers have suggested to employ a factor structure including a method factor accounting for negatively worded items. In this study, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale which employs two types of items(i.e., positively and negatively worded items) was investigated to uncover its factor structure. Additionally, measurement invariance and latent mean difference between males and females were studied. In conclusion, the factor model considering the method factor of negatively worded items was preferred over others. Measurement invariance between males and females were supported and females showed the lower self-esteem level than males after controling for the effect of the method effect. Finally, limitation and implication of the current study are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

하나의 척도에 긍정 및 부정문항을 동시에 포함하고 있는 검사들의 경우 신뢰도가 과소 추정되거나 단일요인이 아닌 서로 다른 요인으로 밝혀지는 등 문제점들이 제기되었다. 본 연구는 긍정 및 부정문항을 동시에 포함하는 Rosenberg 자기존중감 척도의 요인구조와 관련해서 제기되는 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 본 척도를 가장 잘 설명하는 요인모형을 찾고자 하였다. 또한, 자기존중감 척도의 성차간 요인구조의 차이검증과 방법효과를 고려한 후 성차간 자기존중감의 요인평균을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 한국 아동․청소년패널조사의 1차년도 조사자료 중에서 중학교 1학년 2,351명(남학생 1,177명, 여학생 1,174명)의 응답을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 자기존중감 척도의 문항 간의 공분산을 설명하는 여섯 개의 요인모형 중, 일반요인과 방법요인을 고려한 2요인 모형이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 성차간 측정모형의 동일성 검증을 실시한 결과, 측정모형의 동일성 가정이 지지되었다. 셋째, 자기존중감척도의 부정문항에 대한 방법효과를 고려한 2요인구조모형의 남녀 간에 부정문항에 대한 반응 수준에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 제한점과 의의를 제시하였다.

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