가정환경 역경에 적응유연한 청소년의 보호요소에 관한 연구 : 학교적응, 내재화 및 외현화 문제를 중심으로 = Protective Factors of Resilient Adolescents Despite Family Adversity : School Adjustment, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to identify protective factors that would differentiate resilient adolescents from vulnerable ones. The other is to test whether resilient adolescents in school adjustment and externalizing problems would be also resilient in internalizing problems. Five-hundred thirty-five adolescents attending junior and senior high schools and their parents participated in this study. The results of discriminant function analyses revealed that parent attachment, teacher support, ego strength, peer support and quality of child-rearing practices were found to be significant protective factors discriminating resilient adolescents from vulnerable ones when they were grouped on the basis of school adjustment. When the two groups were made on the basis of internalizing problems, ego strength, parent attachment, and peer support were found to be significant discriminating variables. When the two groups were made on the basis of externalizing problems, ego strength was the only significant discriminating variable. When the two groups were made on the basis of school adjustment, internalizing and externalizing problems, all of the five protective factors were found to be significant discriminating variables. In addition, the results of ANOVA showed no significant differences between the resilient group and the competent group in the level of internalizing problems; however, the level of internalizing problems of the two groups was significantly lower than that of the vulnerable group. These findings support the previous idea that resilience should be examined in multiple domains of adjustment. In conclusion, suggestions for further research and intervention practices were made.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구에서는 가정환경 역경의 위험요소에 노출된 청소년들 가운데 적응유연한 집단과 취약한 집단을 의미있게 변별하는 보호요소 변인들을 확인하고, 학교적응과 외현화 문제에서 적응유연한 청소년들이 내재화 문제에서도 적응유연한지를 검증하였다. 중학교 1학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지 535명의 청소년들과 그들의 부모가 본 연구에 참여하였다. 판별분석의 결과, 부모애착, 교사지지, 자아강도, 또래지지, 자녀양육의 질이 학교적응 수준에 따라서 구분된 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 유의하게 변별하는 보호요소들로 밝혀졌다. 내재화 문제의 수준에 따라서 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 구분한 경우에는 자아강도, 부모애착, 또래지지가, 외현화 문제의 수준에 따라서 집단을 구분한 경우에는 자아강도 만이 유의한 변별변인으로 나타났다. 학교적응, 내재화 문제, 외현화 문제의 모든 적응기준을 고려하여 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 구분한 경우에는 다섯 가지 보호요소들이 모두 유의한 변별변인으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 학교적응과 외현화 문제 각각의 기준에 근거하여 구분된 적응유연 집단과 유능 집단간 내재화 문제 수준의 차이는 유의하지 않았으며, 이 두 집단의 내재화 문제 수준은 취약 집단보다 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구는 학교적응, 내재화 문제, 외현화 문제의 영역에서 적응유연한 청소년들의 삶을 다각적으로 탐색하였다는데 의의가 있다. 마지막으로, 후속연구와 상담 및 개입 실제를 위한 방안을 논의하였다.

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