유아교육기관에서의 아동권리 경험에 대한 아동의 인식연구 = A Study on Children's Perception of Children's Right Experience in Childhood Education Center

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research is to examine how children perceive their own experience in relation to children's rights at childhood education centers. In order to achieve the goal, one-on-one interviews were conducted to 516 children at the age of four and five. The children were selected from day care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Gunra, and gyungsang between May and June of 2011. Interview questions consist of cognitive questions related to children’s rights at childhood education centers and were developed by referring to the content of Kim’s (2009) tool evaluating the standard to fulfill the childcare of children's right protection and based on the sub-factors of survival right, development right, participation right and protection right of Yu’s (2003) 'tool evaluating right perception'. The result of research showed that children perceived that they were protected sufficiently in childhood education centers, but they perceived that their rights of development and participation were less guaranteed relatively. In addition, they perceived that the rights of girls were more guaranteed than that of boys, and the rights of the children at the age of four were more guaranteed than that of the children at the age of five. Also, for the question related to the children answered that studying was difficult, that they cannot select what to do during the playing hours freely because of the various rules set by teachers. The results show that early childhood education facilities should provide enough space and time for children to play with their favorite toys and games in order to respect their rights. Also, it was found that there is a need to increase children's opportunities to participate in decision-making processes about all matters that are of concern to them.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 유아교육기관에서의 생활 속에서 아동권리와 관련하여 아동이 자신의 경험을 어떻게 인식하는지를 드러내는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울, 인천, 경기, 강원, 충청, 전라, 경상 지역의 어린이집과 유치원에 재원중인 만4, 5세 아동 516명을 대상으로, 2011년 5월 - 6월 까지 1:1 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 인터뷰 질문은 유지민(2003)의 ‘권리인식 평가도구’의 생존권, 발달권, 참여권, 보호권의 하위 요소를 바탕으로 김진숙(2009)의 ‘영유아권리존중 보육의 실행수준 평가도구’ 내용을 참조하여 유아교육기관에서의 생활에 기초한 권리 경험에 대한 인식 문항으로 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 아동은 유아교육기관에서 충분히 보호받고 있다고 인식하고 있었으나, 상대적으로 발달과 참여에 대한 권리는 덜 보장받고 있다고 인식하였다. 그리고 남아보다는 여아가, 만 5세보다는 만 4세 아동이 보다 더 권리를 보장받고 있다고 인식하였다. 또한 발달권 및 참여권과 관련된 질문에 대해 아동들은 학습적인 부분에서 어렵고 힘들다고 이야기하였고, 다양한 규칙으로 인해 자유롭게 놀이를 선택할 수 없다고 하였으며, 규칙은 대부분 교사에 의해 정해진다고 응답하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과에 비추어 볼 때, 유아교육기관에서 아동의 권리를 존중하기 위해서는 시간과 공간의 여백 안에서 자신이 좋아하는 놀이에 몰입할 수 있는 기회를 제공해야 하고, 교사의 필요가 아닌 아동의 필요에 의한 의사결정상황에서 아동의 참여 기회를 신장시킬 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다.

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