아버지와 어머니의 자녀양육 참여시간 비교 = A Comparative Study on Time of Child Caring between Father and Mother

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To compare how much time the mother and father each spend taking care of their child, 390 couples, each of which has a 3-year-old child, filled out a time scheduler divided into minutes for a total of two days - one weekday and one weekend day - with specific information in order to find out how the child and parent spent their time together.
The results are as follows：Firstly, during weekdays, fathers devoted 44 minutes to taking care of their child while mothers devoted 290 minutes, which is 6.5 times more than the amount of time spent by the father. The amount of time mothers invested in looking after their child on the weekend day was 390 minutes, which is 1.7 times more than the amount of time spent by the fathers, which was 221 minutes. This outcome shows that fathers are more willing to participate in the caretaking of their child on weekends rather than weekdays. Secondly, although 50% of mothers were employed, the amount of time they spent taking care of their child on weekdays is approximately 6.5 times more than the amount of time spent by fathers. Thirdly, fathers participate more in amusement activities with their child on weekends, while showing low participation in ordinary activities such as taking care of their child at bedtime. Furthermore, activities that consume much time and energy such as doing laundry, preparing meals, and doing dishes were performed mainly by mothers.
Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the father’s role in taking care of their child has not increased highly, considering the simultaneously increasing employment rate of mothers. Also, the father’s low participation in taking care of their child leads to a heavy burden on mothers because of mothers’ duty to not only maintain their careers but also take care of their child.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아버지와 어머니의 양육참여 시간을 비교하기 위하여 만 3세의 자녀가 있는 부부 261쌍을 대상으로 수집한 1일과 주말 1일의 생활시간표를 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 아버지는 자녀양육에 평일 44분을 주말에는 아버지는 3시간 41분을 사용하는 것으로 나타나 아버지의 양육 참여는 대부분 주말에 일어난다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 어머니는 평일에는 4시간 50분을, 주말에는 6시간 30분을 사용하며, 취업모가 연구대상의 50%를 구성하고 있지만 평일 어머니는 아버지의 자녀양육시간의 6.5배가 넘는 시간을 자녀양육에 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
이러한 연구결과를 통해 최근 아버지의 양육참여가 증가하고 있다고는 하지만 아버지는 주로 주말 자녀와의 놀이 활동을 통하여 양육에 참여하고 있으며, 일상적 양육활동에는 저조한 참여를 보인다. 반면 어머니는 자녀의 일상적인 돌봄 뿐 아니라 많은 시간과 에너지를 필요로 하는 세탁, 식사준비, 설거지 등까지 수행하고 있으며 특히 취업모의 경우 임금노동과 자녀양육을 함께 수행해야 하는 이중 노동의 부담이 크다는 것을 있음을 알 수 있다.

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