국제정치이론 관점에서 본 오바마 행정부의 외교안보정책

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

While the Republicans of the United States have pursued realist internationalism as its foreign policy thought, the Democrats have followed liberal internationalism. The Obama administration is in line with the traditional Democratic thought of foreign policy. However, the Obama administration’s foreign and security policy encompasses various thoughts stemming from international relations theories besides liberalism: realism, neorealism, constructivism and theory of international society.
The administration adopts liberalism by emphasizing international cooperation to resolve the major problems such as terrorism, climate change, epidemic disease, by valuing international organizations such as the United Nations, and by pushing for ‘smart diplomacy,’ ‘public diplomacy,’ and ‘multilateral diplomacy.’ Liberalism is also reflected in the policies of ‘Nuclear Free World’ and toward Israel-Palestine since the policies are based on the principle of international cooperation and dialogue. The Nuclear Free World policy also includes constructivism in that it sets an ideational goal and appeals to international support for the goal. Constructivism lays more importance on idea, value and culture than on material elements.
The theory of international society is seen in the policies toward Israel-Palestine and the revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The Obama administration put forward the idea of ‘keeping the 1967 borders,’ which reflected international society theorists’ idea of ‘order accommodating just change.’ By observing the principle of self-determination in terms of the revolutions in the MENA, the Washington government expressed its belief that sovereignty and mutual recognition should be respected, which is a significant argument of international society theory. Additionally, the government employs realism and neorealism by putting importance on military power, reinforcing its hard power, and pursuing hegemony in the Americas and offshore balancing in Northeast Asia. In brief, it could be argued that the Obama administration’s foreign and security policy is following so-called ‘comprehensive liberal internationalism.’

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