신고전적 현실주의(Neoclassical Realism) 비판

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Wolfgang Pauli, an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics, was quite scathing in his dismissal of any theory he found lacking, often labelling it ganz falsch, utterly wrong. However, that was not his most severe criticism. He once said of a paper that is so unclear to be untestable or unevaluatable “Not only is it not right, it’s not even wrong!” For him such theories were worse than wrong because they could not be proven wrong. After having an acrimonious debate with neoclassical realists, like the Elmans, historian Paul Schroeder, who earlier wrote a critique of Waltz’s neorealism, applies the verdict of the physicist Wolfgang Pauli to neorealism: It is “not even wrong.” This paper completely empathizes with Schroeder’s utter frustration toward the Elmans’ interpretations of neorealism and argues the following: First, neoclassical realists are turning a “utterly wrong” theory into a one that is “not even wrong.” Second, most of the arguments given by neoclassical realists are either too commonsensical to require further investigation or analytical propositions that are more or less determined by mere definitions than by empirical facts. Third, while most of neoclassical realists are trying to develop “scientific” foreign policy theories, such efforts are not only impossible but also ought not to be possible. In addition, this paper questions whether realism as a philosophy is a necessary and appropriate worldview in facing and creating the “reality” of international relations.

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