이라크 종파분쟁 해결에 무으타질라 사상의 적용 가능성 연구 = A Study on the Possible Application of the Mu`tazilite Ideas to Solve the Iraqi Sectarian Disputes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is designed to study the possible application of the Mu`tazilite ideas to solve the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes. The major five principles of the Mu`tazilite are al-tawhid, al-`adl, al-wa`d wa al wa`di, al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn, and al-´amr bi al-ma`ruf wa al-nahi `an al-munkar. Among them, I focused on al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn and al-`amr bi al-ma`ruf wa al-nahi `an al-munkar. The principle of al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn was influenced by the Greek philosophy on the aspect of reason. It includes the meaning of the middle course and a way of moderation. The principle of al-`amr bi al-ma`ruf wa al-nahi `an al-munkar was related with the Jihad, endurance, and progressiveness in the religious and ethnic affairs. I think the most reasonable way of solving the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes is the application of al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn and al-`amr bi al-ma`ruf wa al-nahi `an al-munkar. In chapter Ⅱ, I described why the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes are still under going, what are the main causes of these disputes, and what is the meaning of the result of 2010 Iraqi election. The inner causes of the Iraqi disputes are related with religious and political situations. They are the endeavor of Shi`ite Ulama to convert Iraqi Arab Sunnites to Shi`ism, increasing contacts between Shi`ites of Najaf and Karbala and Arab tribes, and the amicable views of Arab tribes on the Shi`ites because of the attack of Wahhabism. In chapter Ⅲ, the major five principles of the Mu`tazilite and its characteristics were presented, especially the principle of al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn and its spirit of moderation. In chapter Ⅳ, the relation between the Mu`tazilite and Shi`ite was presented. In order to study the possible application of the Mu`tazilite ideas to solve the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes, the understanding of the role of the Mu`tazilite in the early Shi`ite history is important. I found the Mu`tazilite acted a positive role on the Shi`ite in the period Sunnite-dominated society. In chapter Ⅴ, the possible application of the Mu`tazilite ideas to solve the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes was described. I applied the principle of al-manzila bayn al-manzilatayn and its spirit of moderation to solve the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes, because I think the Iraqi inner disputes have to be solved not by the helps of the foreign countries but by the Iraqi consensus, harmony and cooperation. In conclusion, I stressed on the application of the Mu`tazilite ideas and its spirit of moderation to solve the Iraqi Sunnite-Shi`ite disputes, because I think the best way to solve the Iraqi disputes must be found among the Islamic ways of solution and by the Islamic point of view.

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