니체와 페미니즘 = Nietzsche and Feminism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Modern democracy is founded on human`s equality. Feminisms of 1st which started at modren period, & 2nd generation which started after 1960 years have their ends, for there are so many women who are oppressed by institutions and political systems, that they fought with them only for their rights. But, some contrary effects of this movement are that, they didn`t see the differences of Man & Woman`s, much less treatments of Feminity with Masculinity, not has any thought about their differences. In the end, are woman`s esoteric uniquenesses disappeared, then she must have a unnatural character which is not grounded on feminine. Nietzsche criticizes for this defects of feminism, because this movement gives rise to illness of modern democracy. Nietzsche keeps a sharp eyes on their movement whose falling into the disapperence of Masculine & Feminine uniquenesses each have. Because man and woman had acted on undifferenciated jobs, if their differences were disappeared, humans don`t continued their lives. Then without tensions, will bermensch`s advent, birth be impossible, for both man and woman never see each others through seduced eyes. Therefore, Nietzsche attacked feminism, strongly. But, 3rd generation feminist accepted this thoughts of Nietzsche, and they are revaluing him, because they have a purpose for preserving of both sexualities, whose are masculine or feminine characters. The reason of both sexual beings which are composed of masculine and feminine is a birth of next generation. Feminine and her body have core functions on next generation`s birth and upbringing. She`s, always, conscious of new lives, and future beings, too. But, by contrast to this, masculine acted of auxiliary role, only, to births of next generations. Nietzsche judged that feminism is a deadly movement to female sexuality. Because feminism degraded woman`s unique excellences into defects, and exiled their excellence to the area of artificial equal movement. Therefore, It`s a very simple minded analysis that we read Nietzsche as like past feminists who named him as misogynist. Modern women are forced to act their duties on both households and societies. In this structure, be feminine uniqueness would destroyed, and neglected, so easily. Then, it`s a anti-human movement that change natural existences into unnatural artificial things. Therefore, Nietzsche warns us the dangers of simplified equalities between the sexes, and his warnings have much suggestions to the feminism of the modern society.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박정오, "철학의 거장들이 벌이는 페미니즘과의 ‘소란’" 영미문학연구회 19 : 228-233, 2005

2 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "차라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다" 책세상 2006

3 안성찬, "즐거운 학문" 책세상 2005

4 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "인간적인, 너무나 인간적인 Ⅱ" 책세상 2005

5 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "인간적인 너무나 인간적인 Ⅰ" 책세상 2005

6 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "이 사람을 보라" 책세상 2004

7 연효숙, "윤리적 주체와 차이의 존재론―니체, 푸코 사유의 안과 밖, 그리고 여성" 한국철학사상연구회 2000

8 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "유고 (1881년 봄~1882년 여름)" 책세상 2005

9 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "우상의 황혼" 책세상 2002

10 Jacques Derrida, "에쁘롱-니체의 문체들" 동문선 1998

11 김정현, "선악의 저편" 책세상 2002

12 신경원, "니체의 진리, 삶, 심연과 여성 은유" 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 10 (10): 157-185, 2002

13 김정현, "니체의 몸철학" 문학과현실사 2000

14 강영계, "니체와 정신분석학" 서광사 2003

15 홍일희, "니체와 에코페미니즘" 범한철학회 33 (33): 105-127, 2004

16 김진석, "니체는 왜 민주주의에 반대했는가" 개마고원 2009

17 백승영, "니체, 건강한 삶을 위한 긍정의 철학을 기획하다" 한길사 2011

18 강영계, "니체 철학에서의 여성의 의미" 한국니체학회 (11) : 7-34, 2007

19 신경원, "니체 데리다 이리가레의 여성" 소나무 2004

20 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "Thus spoke Zarathustra" Penguin Books 1978

21 Eric Blondel, "The question of genealogy. Nietzsche―critical assessments" 1998

22 Mattew Klinsky, "The pathos of distance: dis-ease and eudaimonia in Nietzsche's writing" University of Illinois at Urbma―Champaign 1983

23 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, "The Gay Science.Translated by Bernard Williams" Cambridge university 2005

24 David Francis Dudrick, B.A., "Problems of the modern self: Reflections on Rorty, Taylor, Nietzsche, and Foucault" University of Notre Dame 2000

25 Martin Heidegger, "Nietzsche. Pfullingen" Neske 1961

26 Daniel W. Conway, "Nietzsche-critical assessmentsⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ" 1998

27 R diger Safranski, "Nietzsche-a philosophical biography" Norton paperback 2003

28 Ansell Pearson, Keith, "Nietzsche, Feminism & political theory" Routledge 1995

29 Karl L with, "Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same" University of California Press 1997

30 Karl L with, "Nietzsche's Philosophie der ewigen Wiederkehr des Gleichen" Felix Meiner Verlag 1986

31 Elizabeth Rebecca Kaufer, "Nietzsche and the fundamental problem of man and women" Michigan state university 2001

32 Gilles Deleuze, "Nietzsche & Philosophy" The Athlone Press 1992

33 Robert Wicks, "Nietzsche" Natl Book Network 2010

34 Richard Schacht, "Nietzsche" 1983

35 Martin Heidegger, "Nietzsche" HarperSanFrancisco 1991

36 Wolgast, Elizabeth H., "Equality and the rights of woman" Cornell University Press 1980

37 Alexis de Tocqueville, "Democracy in America. Translated by George Lawrence" Harper & Row 1969

38 Schutte, "Beyond Nihilism; Nietzsche without masks" University of Chicago press 1984