냉전기 중국의 대북정책과 북ㆍ중 동맹관계의 동학

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article demonstrates what was China’s motivation for tightening up the alliance with North Korea in Cold War era. Changes in relationship with Soviet Union and U.S. forced China to tighten up the alliance with North Korea to secure North Korea’s supports in cold war diplomacy. China-North Korea alliance was not static and stable one during the cold war era. Rather, it was dynamic relationship between amity and hostility. Friendly relationship between two countries only occurred twice during the period of cold war. China needed strategic action to maintain corporative alliance with North Korea, originated from changing relationship with superpower countries, mainly U.S. and Soviet Union.
China-North Korea relation shows same pattern during the post cold-war era. While establishing diplomatic ties with South Korea in 1992, as well as enjoying the period of affinity with U.S., China paid less attention to North Korea. Accordingly, some scholars from China and South Korea declared a switch of foreign relation between China and North Korea, from strategic alliance to normal partnership. During recent years, however, strong strategic relationship emerged again between two countries. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, growth of China’s national power based on rapid economic development has mounted political tension between China and U.S. In addition, the tragedy Cheonan ship sink by North Korean torpedo attach stiffened China-U.S. relationship, and tightened up trilateral alliance of U.S., Japan, and South Korea. As a result, Chinese foreign policy took back actions of strong strategic alliance with North Korea.
Understanding of this dynamic relationship between China and North Korea gives an important implication to South Korea’s foreign policy toward China. When the relationships of U.S.-China and North-South Korea develop corporative ones, it is likely to bring normal partnership between China and North Korea, rather than strong strategic alliance. On the contrary, when China confronts U.S. and Korea conflicts with North Korea seriously, Chinese government will go back to seek strong supports from North Korea, resulting in polarity between South Korea-U.S. and North Korea-China alliances. Moreover, the confrontation between two alliances would become a source of insecurity in the Northeast Asia and deepen South Korea’s dependence on great powers around the region.
Therefore, South Korea’s foreign policy should focus on preventing confrontation between China and U.S. and enhancing inter-Korean corporation to stabilize security in the Northeast Asian region. Also, South Korea should build up ability to maneuver independent foreign policy to create peaceful environment for regional security and reunification of two Koreas.

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