복지국가 위기의 제약요인으로서 정부간 관계의 정치 -캐나다의 경우- = The Politics of Intergovernmental Relations as Constraints of the Welfare State Crisis - In the Case of Canada -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay explores the politics of intergovernmental relations's effect on the welfare state crisis, focusing on the case of Canadian welfare state. Based on the findings of this analysis, it seems that the welfare state in Canada incrementally changes, but this change is not a retrenchment but a policy responses unique to Canadian welfare state. There is the politics of relationships between central-local governments behind these responses.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 캐나다 복지국가를 사례로 하여 정부간 관계의 정치가 복지국가에 미친 영향을 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 1980-90년대까지 캐나다 복지국가의 경우 연방정부의 적자축소전략으로 인해 복지국가의 위기가 가시화되었으나, 2000년대 이후의 상황은 축소라는 용어로 단순화시킬 수 없는 복지국가의 점진적인 변화의 모습이 나타나고 있다. 이 같은 변화의 중심에 정책변화의 보수적 힘으로서의 ‘정부간 관계의 정치’가 자리하고 있음을 캐나다 사례는 보여주고 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 고경훈, "중앙-지방 정부간 관계의 정책형성 연구: 성남시의 수도권 남주저유소 입지선정 결정과정 사례를 중심으로" 한국행정학회 38 (38): 41-62, 2004

2 박정민, "정부간 관계모형에 관한 고찰" 6 (6): 165-190, 2008

3 오재일, "정부간 관계론(IGR)의 모델과 어프로치 in 국제자유도시를 향한 제주특별자치도의 과제와 전망" 한국지방자치학회 557-592, 2007

4 은민수, "유럽 복지국가의 연금정치(pension politics): 연금개혁과 정치적 경쟁구조" 한국정치학회 42 (42): 477-499, 2008

5 정무권, "복지국가 연구의 최근 동향과 쟁점: 자본주의 다양성 이론과 복지국가 재편 논쟁" 한국정치학회 231-257, 2006

6 Green-Pedersen,Christoffer, "Welfare-state Retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands, 1982-1998: The Role of Party Competition and Party Consensus" 34 (34): 963-985, 2001

7 Korpi,Walter, "Welfare-State Regress in Western Europe: Politics, Institutions, Globalization and Europeanization" (29) : 589-609, 2003

8 Goldsmith,Michael M, "Urban Political Theory and the Management of Fiscal Stress" Gower Publishing Company 1986

9 Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, "Unemployment Rate and Unemployment"

10 Wright, Deil S, "Understanding Intergovernmental Relations(3th ed)" Brooks/Cole Publishing Company 1988

11 Battle,Ken, "Transformation: Canadian Social Policy Since 1985" 32 (32): 321-340, 1998

12 Rhodes,Rod A.W, "Traditions and Public Sector Reform: Comparing Britain and Denmark" 22 (22): 341-370, 1999

13 Klassen, Thomas R, "The federal-provincial labour market development agreements: brave new model of collaboration? In Federalism, democracy and labour market policy in Canada" McGill-Queen's University Press 159-203, 2000

14 Banting,Keith G, "The Welfare State and Canadian Federalism(2th ed)" McGill-Queen's University Press 1987

15 Banting, Keith G, "The Three Federalisms: Social Policy and Intergovernmental Decision-Making. In Canadian Federalism: Performance, Effectiveness, and Legitimacy(2th ed)" Oxford University Press 137-160, 2007

16 Silver, Susan, "The Struggle for National Standards: Lessons from the Federal Role in Health Care. In Remaking Canadian Social Policy: Social Security in the late 1990s" Fernwood Publishing 67-80, 1996

17 Gurr, Robert T, "The State and the City" University of Chicago Press 1987

18 Olsen,Gregg M, "The Politics of the Welfare State:Canada,Sweden,and the United States" Oxford University Press 2002

19 Bonoli,Giuliano, "The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe" Cambridge University Press 2000

20 Pierson,Paul, "The New Politics of the Welfare State" 48 (48): 143-179, 1996

21 March, James G, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life" 78 (78): 734-749, 1984

22 Boismenu, Gérard, "The New Federal Tool Belt: Attempts to Rebuild Social Policy Leadership" 30 (30): 71-89, 2004

23 Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada, "The National Child Benefit: Progress Report 2007" Progress Report 2007. 2009

24 Duncan, Simon, "The Local State and Uneven Development: Behind the Local Government Crisis" Polity Press 1988

25 Guest,Dennis, "The Emergence of Social Security in Canada(3th ed)" UBC Press 1999

26 O'Connor, Julia S, "States, Families, Markets: Gender, Liberalism, and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States" Cambridge University Press 1999

27 Thomas R. Klassen, "Social Consensus in the Process of Pension Reform in Canada" 한국보건사회연구원 28 (28): 51-67, 2008

28 Kennedy,Bruce, "Refinancing the CPP: The Cost of Acquiescence" 15 (15): 34-42, 1989

29 Statistics Canada, "Public sector employment"

30 Denhardt, Robert B, "Public Administration: An Action Orientation(5th ed)" Wadsworth Publishing Company 2005

31 Government of Canada, "Public Accounts of Canada 2009" 2009

32 Government of Canada, "Public Accounts of Canada 2006" 2006

33 Glendening, Parries, "Pragmatic Federalism: An Intergovernmental View of American Government(2th ed)" Palisades Publishers 1984

34 Swank, Duane, "Political Institutions and Welfare State Restructuring: The Impact of Institutions on Social Policy Change in Developed Democracies. In The Canadian Welfare State: Evolution and Transition" Oxford University Press 197-237, 2001

35 Little, Bruce, "Pension Reform in Canada: An Often Fractious Federation. Occasional Paper Series" 1-19, 2010

36 Garrett,Geofrey, "Partisan Politics in Global Economy" Cambridge University Press 1998

37 McBride,Stephen, "Paradigm Shift: Globalization and the Canadian State" Fernwood Publishing 2001

38 Bryden,Kenneth, "Old Age Pensions and Policy-Making in Canada" McGill-Queen's University Press 1974

39 Rhodes,Rod A.W, "New Research in Central-Local Relations" Gower Publishing Company 1986

40 Bakvis, Herman, "Negotiating Labour Market Development Agreements" Canadian Centre for Management Development 2000

41 Wiseman, John, "National Social Policy in an Age of Global Power: Lessons from Canada and Australia. In Remaking Canadian Social Policy: Social Security in the late 1990s" Fernwood Publishing 114-129, 1996

42 Johnson, Robert, "NAFTA, the Redesign, and Rescaling of Canada's Welfare State" (76) : 7-30, 2005

43 Kingdom,John E, "Local Government and Politics in Britain" Philip Allan 1991

44 Page,Edward, "Laws as an Instrument of Policy:A Study in Central-Local Government Relations" 5 (5): 241-265, 1985

45 Obinger, Herbert, "Introduction: Federalism and the welfare state. In Federalism and the Welfare State: New World and European Experiences" Cambridge University Press 1-48, 2005

46 Cameron, David, "Intergovernmental Relations in Canada: The Emergence of Collaborative Federalism" 32 (32): 49-71, 2002

47 Wood, Donna, "Intergovernmental Relations Post-devolution: Active Labour Market Policy in Canada and the United Kingdom 1996-2006" 18 (18): 331-351, 2008

48 Immergut,Ellen M, "Institutions,Veto Points,and Policy Results:A Comparative Analysis of Health Care" 10 (10): 391-416, 1990

49 Immergut,Ellen M, "Health Politics:Interests and Institutions in Western Europe" Cambridge University Press 1992

50 McIntosh, Tom, "Governing Labour Market Policy: Canadian Federalism, the Social Union and a Changing Economy. In Federalism, Democracy and Labour Market Policy in Canada" McGill- Queen's University Press 1-28, 2000

51 Ismene-Gizelis, Theodora, "Globalization, Integration, and the European Welfare State" (31) : 139-162, 2005

52 Hirst, Paul, "Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibility of Governance(2th ed)" Cambridge University Press 2001

53 Panitch, Leo, "Globalization and the State. In Socialist Register 1994: Between Globalism and Nationalism" Merlin Press 60-93, 1995

54 Rhodes,Martin, "Globalization and West European Welfare State: A Critical Review of Recent Debates" 6 (6): 305-327, 1996

55 Swank,Duane, "Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States" Cambridge University Press 2002

56 Mendelsohn, Matthew, "Getting Engaged: Strengthening the SUFA through Citizen Engagement. In Building the Social Union: Perspectives, Directions and Challenges" Canadian Plains Research Center University of Regina 31-49, 2002

57 King,David, "Fiscal Tiers: The Economics of Multi-Level Government" Allen & Unwin 1984

58 Fedyk,Frank C, "Financing Health Care in Canada. In The Canadian Health Care System: Lessons for the United States" University Press of America 19-34, 1995

59 Nice,David C, "Federalism: The Politics of Intergovernmental Relations" St. Martin's Press 1987

60 Rocher, Francǫis, "Federalism and Health Care: The Impact of Political-Institutional Dynamics on the Canadian Health Care System" (18) : 1-31, 2002

61 Marc,Magali, "Federal-provincial overlap and civil servants: the case of occupational training in Quebec and Ontario" 48 (48): 35-52, 2005

62 Irving,Allan, "Federal-Provincial Issues in Social Policy. In Canadian Social Policy" Wilfrid Laurier University Press 326-349, 1987

63 Pierson,Paul, "Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment" Cambridge University Press 1994

64 McIntosh, Tom, "Dis-covered: EI, Social Assistance and The Growing Gap in Income Support For Unemployed Canadians. In Federalism, Democracy and Labour Market Policy in Canada" McGill-Queen’s University Press 65-158, 2000

65 Huber, Evelyne, "Development and Crisis of the Welfare State: Parties and Policies in Global Markets" The University of Chicago Press 2001

66 Smith,Brian C, "Decentralization:The Territorial Dimension of the State" Unwin Hyman 1985

67 Pierson,Paul, "Coping with Permanent Austerity: Welfare State Restructuring in Affluent Democracies in The New Politics of the Welfare State" Oxford University Press 410-456, 2001

68 Rhodes,Rod A.W, "Control and Power in Central-Local Government Relations" Social Science Research Council 1981

69 Leeson,Howard, "Constitutional Jurisdiction over Health and Health Care Services in Canada. In The Governance of Health Care in Canada" University of Toronto Press 50-82, 2004

70 Graham, John R, "Canadian Social Policy: An Introduction(2th ed)" Prentice Hall 2003

71 Warriner, William E, "Canadian Social Policy Renewal 1994-2000" Fernwood Publishing 2007

72 Strain, Frank, "Canadian Federalism and Welfare State: Shifting Responsibilities and Sharing Costs. In The Canadian Welfare State: Evolution and Transition" The University of Alberta Press 349-371, 1987

73 Department of Finance Canada, "Canada’s Economic Action Plan: Budget 2009. Department of Finance Canada"

74 Banting,Keith G, "Canada: Nation-building in a federal welfare state. In Federalism and the Welfare State: New World and European Experiences" Cambridge University Press 89-137, 2005

75 Jérôme-Forget,Monique, "Canada's Social Union:Staking Out the Future of Fiscal Federalism" 19 (19): 3-4, 1998

76 McGilly,Frank, "An Introduction to Canada’s Public Social Services: Understanding Income and Health Programs(2th ed)" Oxford University Press 1998

77 Battle,Ken, "A Bigger and Better Child Benefit: A $5,000 Canada Child Tax Benefit" The Caledon Institute of Social Policy 2008