중고령자의 은퇴만족도에 대한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기대수명의 연장과 급속한 인구고령화로 고령인구가 늘어나는 가운데 조기퇴직 관행으로 강요된 은퇴를 경험한 중고령자가 상당수를 차지한다. 국민연금 수급개시에 훨씬 앞서는 비자발적이고 예기치 못한 은퇴는 충분한 노후소득을 준비하지 못한 은퇴자의 빈곤화 가능성을 높이고, 은퇴 후 삶에 대한 만족도를 저하시칸다. 고령자 또는 은퇴자의 삶에 대한 만족도에 대한 연구는 상당수 존재하지만 은퇴 자체에 대한 만족도에 대한 연구는 매우 드문 현실이다. 본 연구는 『고령화연구패널』 자료에 포함된 45세 이상 은퇴자 2,026명을 대상으로 프로빗모형(probit model)의 추정과 추가변수의 적합성에 대한 우도비검정(likelihood ratio test)을 통하여 은퇴만족도의 결정요인을 찾는다. 실증분석 결과 기존연구와 마찬가지로, 소득 및 자산과 부채 등 금전자산뿐 아니라 건강자산 및 사회적 자산이 은퇴만족도에 통계적으로 유의한 효과를 마치는 것을 알 수 있다. 이에 더하여 예상된 은퇴인 정년퇴직과 비교할 때, 자발적 은퇴는 은퇴만족도에 긍정적 효과를, 급작스런 비자발적 은퇴는 부정적 효과를 가진다. 은퇴 직전 일자리의 다양한 특성을 고려한 가설검정은 근속기간과 자발적 이직 여부 및 세부 이직사유만이 통계적으로 유의한 추가효과를 가짐을 보여준다. 은퇴자의 은퇴만족도, 더 나아가 고령자의 삶에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 은퇴 전에 충분한 은퇴 후 소득을 준비하는 과정과 더불어 근로자들이 준비된 정년을 맞이할 수 있는 사회경제적 환경의 구축과 은퇴 후 건강과 사회적 유대를 위한 제도적 장치가 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are so many elderlies who experienced forced retirement due to mandatory early retirement practice in the labor market amid of expansion of life expectancy and compact population ageing, which has resulted in higher proportion of the elder. Involuntary and unexpected retirement far earlier than the age for pension entitlement means that those who retired without preparing for sufficient post-retirement income would face higher probabilities of being in poverty and therefore their satisfaction on the post-retirement lives would be lower. There have been many studies on elderlies’ or retirees’ satisfaction on life but very few on satisfaction on retirement. This study, using data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging by the Korea Labor Institute, investigates the determinants of retirement satisfaction by estimating the probit model and testing the statistical significance of an additional set of prospective explanatory variables according to the likelihood-ratio test procedure. The empirical analysis applied to 2,026 retirees aged 45 or more reveals that, as similar to the previous studies, health asset(or health capital), which is defined by the subjective health status, and social network assets, which is consisted of existence of and frequency of meeting friends or relatives nearby and participation into various social groups, as well as pecuniary assets, which is consisted of the total family income, ownership of residence, existence of the retiree’s income from various sources, and existence of various physical assets and debts, have statistically significant effects on retirement satisfaction. In addition, compared with the expected mandatory retirement at the age, voluntary retirement has a positive effect on the retirement satisfaction while involuntary and unexpected retirement has a negative effect. The hypothesis test on the additional effects of various characteristics of the last job before retirement shows that only tenure at the last job, voluntary separation from it, and the detailed reasons for separation have statistically significant effects. To improve retirement satisfaction and further satisfaction of lives of the elder, it is necessary to build up the socioeconomic environment that workers have enough time to arrange sufficient post-retirement income before expected and prepared retirement and to provide institutional setup for health care and social solidarity after retirement.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 은퇴만족도에 관한 기존연구
• Ⅲ. 은퇴만족도의 기초분석
• Ⅳ. 은퇴만족도 결정요인
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• [Abstract]

참고문헌 (Reference)

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