초등학교 교사들의 수업설계 실태에 대한 질적 고찰 = A Study on the Instruction Design Experiences of Elementary School Teachers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of the classroom instruction design in order to improve the teachers` instruction design ability. This study attempted to analyze the status of classroom instruction design from group interviews, and in-depth interviews. Elementary school teachers participated in group interviews (male 3, female 3) and in-depth interviews (male 1, female 1). This qualitative study analyzed from a phenomenological perspective of Colaizzi. The instruction design experiences of teachers were clustered into 27 specific themes and 6 general structures. Through this study, it was found that various official school events are regard as important teachers` works in school environments, and teachers` instruction design activities were occurred on irregular and rarely ever practiced. Contrary to the earlier studies, the results indicated that the causes of unfaithful instruction design practices were not only school workload situations, but also teachers themselves. Teachers had negative views of instruction design activities, such as ‘formal’, ‘meaningless’, and ‘difficult’, especially they regarded teaching plan as a formal paperwork that should be submitted. It was found that teachers have great regard for ‘passion’, ‘knowledge·common sense’, and ‘teacher ability to deal with instruction conditions’ to teach students in classroom above the instruction design. Based on the results, the discussions and implications were provided.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박선미, "협력적 설계가로서 사회과교사 전문성 개발을 위한 패러다임 모색" 한국사회과교육연구학회 45 (45): 189-208, 2006

2 신경림, "현상학적 연구" 현문사 2001

3 서선진, "학습문제아동의 수업참여와 주의집중 증진 방안에 대한 고찰 : 통합학급의 국어 읽기수업을 중심으로" 교과교육연구소 12 (12): 789-813, 2008

4 홍은숙, "학생중심의 학습지도안 연구" 4 (4): 225-239, 1999

5 김명숙, "초등학교 음악 수업 실태분석" 한국음악교육학회 (30) : 31-52, 2006

6 홍미영, "초등학교 과학과 교수학습방법과 자료 개발연구" 한국교육과정평가원 2002

7 최윤선, "초등학교 ICT활용 수업의 이해-초등학교 3학년 수업사례를 중심으로" 9 (9): 51-69, 2003

8 장명덕, "초등예비과학교사들의 과학수업지도안 작성 전략 분석" 한국초등과학교육학회 25 (25): 191-205, 2006

9 윤근영, "초등교사의 발달단계와 수업전문성과의 관계" 14 (14): 59-76, 2007

10 진성희, "초등 교수역량요소 도출 및 예비초등교사와 초등교사간 교수역량 인식 비교" 한국초등교육학회 22 (22): 343-368, 2009

11 김정숙, "창의성 계발을 위한 주제중심(Theme-Based)영어 수업 모형 설계" 16 : 165-227, 2006

12 조경원, "중등교원 양성교육의 비판적 검토" 교육과학연구소 35 (35): 1-19, 2004

13 이충우, "중등 학교 국어 교사 연수의 문제점과 개선 방안" 국어교육학회 19 (19): 165-188, 2004

14 박성혜, "중등 교사양성과정의 교육실습에서 예비교사들의 교과교육학지식 개발" 학습자중심교과교육학회 8 (8): 169-189, 2008

15 강윤희, "전국 교육 정보공유체제 고도화방안 연구"

16 김병찬, "일반대학 학생들의 교직과정 이수 동기 및 과정에 관한 질적 사례 연구" 한국교원교육학회 20 (20): 23-53, 2003

17 김경식, "예비교사들의 눈에 비춰진 교실붕괴 현상" 중등교육연구소 53 (53): 115-136, 2005

18 김한종, "역사과 교실수업 연구의 동향과 과제" 4 : 23-42, 2001

19 임철일, "수업지도안 설계의 의의: 교육공학적 관점. 함께하는 영어 교육(창간호)"

20 변영계, "수업장학" 학지사 1997

21 김인식, "수업설계의 원리와 모형 적용" 교육과학사 2000

22 조국남, "사회과 교원연수 개선방안에 관한 연구: 원격연수를 중심으로" 한국사회과교육학회 36 (36): 209-230, 2004

23 이지연, "미국 대학의 이러닝 수업설계 사례를 중심으로 살펴본 교수설계자의 역할 탐구" 한국교육공학회 24 (24): 129-151, 2008

24 김경희, "문제중심학습(PBL)의 수업 단계별 학습활동의 특성과 교육적 의미 탐색 - 초등 과학 수업을 중심으로 -" 한국초등교육학회 21 (21): 269-296, 2008

25 성낙돈, "대학에서의 역량 기반 수업설계 방식의 적절성에 대한 탐색적 연구" 10 : 117-136, 2007

26 박철용, "교육실습을 통한 예비과학교사의 교수내용지식 분석" 한국과학교육학회 28 (28): 641-648, 2008

27 정한호, "교육실습과정에서 나타난 중등 예비교사들의 수업설계 실태" 한국교육과정평가원 12 (12): 1-30, 2009

28 박은실, "교육 연수프로그램에 대한 교사의 기대와 평가" 한국아동교육학회 16 (16): 201-218, 2007

29 김이경, "교원정책의 방향과 과제:OECD 검토를 중심으로"

30 정한호, "교실수업 방해원인에 대한 질적 고찰" 교육문제연구소 (32) : 63-94, 2008

31 박기용, "교수설계 모형과 실천 간의 차이와 원인 분석" 한국교육공학회 23 (23): 1-30, 2007

32 Dick. W., "교사를 위한 체제적 교실수업설계 Planning effective instruction" 교육과학사 1989

33 김진철, "교내 연수의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구"

34 서덕희, "“여유”의 교육적 의미: 홈스쿨링의 시간 체험에 관한 현상학적 연구" 한국교육과정학회 25 (25): 63-90, 2007

35 Merrill,M.D, "principles of instruction" 50 (50): 43-59, 2002

36 Carr-Chellman,A.A, "Whistling in the dark? Instructional design and technology in the school. In Trend and issues in instructional design and technology" Merrill Prentice Hall 239-255, 2002

37 Davidson-Shivers, G. V, "Web-based learning: design, implementation, and evaluation" Pearson Merrill/Prentice Hall. 2006

38 Shulman,L.S, "To Dignify the Profession of the Teacher: The Carnegie Foundation Celebrates 100 Years" 37 (37): 22-29, 2005

39 Shulman,L, "Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching" 15 (15): 4-14, 1986

40 Gardner,H, "The unschooled mind: How children think and how schools should teach" Basicbooks 1991

41 Dick, W, "The systematic design of instruction(5th ed.)" Allyn & Bacon. 2001

42 Gagné,R.M, "The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. (4th ed.)" Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 1985

43 Naylor,C, "Teacher workload and stress: An international perspective on human coast and systemic failure"

44 Younghusband,L, "Teacher stress and working environment: Implication for teaching and learning" 98 (98): 8-11, 2006

45 Brown, J. S, "Situated cognition and the culture of learning" 18 : 32-42, 1989

46 Mehlinger,H.D, "School reform in the information age. Bloomington" Indiana University Press. 1995

47 Carr-Chellman, A. A., "Round girls in square computers: Feminist perspectives on the aesthetics of computer hardware" 46 (46): 4-10, 2003

48 Greene, B. A, "Predicting high school students' cognitive engagement and achievement: Contributions of classroom perceptions and motivation. Contemporary" 29 : 462-482, 2004

49 Driscoll, M. P, "Perspectives on instructional planning: How to teachers and instructional designers conceive of ISD planning practices?" 34 (34): 34-42, 1994

50 Roeser, R. W., "Perceptions of the school psychological environment and early adolescents’ psychological and behavioral functioning in school: The mediating role of goals and belonging" 88 : 408-422, 1996

51 Visscher-Voerman, I, "Paradigms in theory and practice of education and training design" 52 (52): 69-89, 2004

52 Martin,N, "Opening dialogue: Understanding the dynamics of language and learning in the English classroom" Teachers College 1997

53 Johnson. T. E, "Measuring team shared understanding using the analysis-constructed shared mental model methodology" 21 (21): 113-134, 2008

54 Gagné,R.M, "Learning and instructional sequence" 1 : 3-33, 1973

55 Martin, B. L, "Instructional systems design and public school" 38 (38): 61-75, 1990

56 Gunter, M. A, "Instruction: A model approach(4th ed.)" Pearson 2003

57 Smith, J. B, "Instruction and achievement in chicago elementary schools"

58 Gage, N. L., "Educational psychology (3rd ed.)" Houghton Mifflin Co. 1984

59 Sutherland,R, "Designs for learning: ICT and knowledge in the classroom" 43 : 5-16, 2005

60 Rosenshine,B, "Content, time, and direct instruction in Research on teaching: concept, findings and implications" McCutchan 1979

61 Armento,B.J, "Changing conceptions of research on the teaching in social studies. In Handbook of research on social studies teaching and learning" Macmillan 185-196, 1991

62 Rose.E, "Boundary talk: A cultural study of the relationship between instructional design and education" 42 (42): 14-22, 2002

63 Rosenberg,M.J, "Beyond e-learning: Approaches and technologies to enhance organizational knowledge, learning, and performance" Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. 2006

64 North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, "Authentic tasks"

65 Newmann, F. M, "Authentic pedagogy and student performance" 10 (10): 280-312, 1996

66 Mims,C, "Authentic learning: A practical introduction & guide for implementation. Meridian, 6(1)"

67 Moallem, "An experienced teacher's model of thinking and teaching and teaching" Florida State University 1993

68 정한호, "An Ecological Perspective Study on Liberal Arts Students' Pre-Service Internship Courses" 한국교육개발원 35 (35): 25-58, 2008

69 Driscoll,M.P, "Alternative views: On non-experimental inquiry in instructional systems" 29 (29): 33-34, 1989

70 Silber,K.H, "A principle based model of instructional design" 47 (47): 5-19, 2007

71 Kinach,B.M, "A cognitive strategy for developing pedagogical content knowledge in the secondary mathematics methods course: toward a model of effective practice" 18 : 51-71, 2002

72 강원근, "21세기의 교원 연수 체제" 17 (17): 55-79, 2000

73 교육과학기술부, "2008 교육정보화 백서"

74 교육인적자원부, "2006 교육연수운영방향"