일상인지연구의 인식론적 전제에 관한 고찰 = An Inquiry into Epistemological Premises in the Studies of Everyday Cognition

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this essay, I conduct an epistemological inquiry on some studies of everyday cognition that have survived since 1980s, even though they are a minor field of study. The epistemology operative in these studies is an alternative to traditional epistemology in which individual and situation are entirely separated and individuals are regarded as the unit of analysis. To this end, I first examined the epistemology of Gibson who criticized and tried to overcome the traditional psychology`s epistemology. Gibson developed the concepts ``affordance`` and ``ecological niche`` which made it possible to question and re-inquire on some phenomena such as the individual`s action, cognition and situation. Secondly, I reviewed some studies dealing with so-called ``everyday cognition``: how people can or cannot display their competency in a variety of common settings, such as the workplace of bartenders, diet programs, after-school cooking programs and schools. Thirdly, on the basis of such considerations by examining Gibson`s alternative epistemology and reviewing the studies of everyday cognition, I attempted to provide an elaborate answer to the re-inquire on individual competency and situation. Based on these discussions, I draw the following implications: I first found that dividing everyday cognition and schooled cognition into situation-specific activity vs. situation-free activity leads to a danger of losing the essence of the problem. An epistemology which insists on the dichotomy situation-specific activity vs. situation-free activity prevents us from recognizing school as a specific routine. In other words, activity at school, which is similar to but distinct from daily routine, is accomplished with a unique constellation of tools, mediation and people. Taking a relativistic view of school activity as special routine is only possible when the researcher realizes and reflects on the epistemology that provides a background on his/her research. Secondly, on the basis of the ideas obtained from a review of theoretical accounts of Gibson`s ecological psychology and of a few empirical studies on Everyday Cognition, I discussed what implications those ideas might have on school education and education research.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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