열하사절단이 체험한 18세기 말의 국제질서 = 변동하는 조공책봉 관계의 증언

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the year 1780, Chosun envoys were dispatched to congratulate Emperor Qianlong on his 70th birthday and visited Yeolha for the first time in history. Their visit to Yeolha was very urgent because they learned of their destination after they arrived in Beijing on August 1. The perplexing and fabulous experiences were recorded in complete detail in the Yeolha-Ilgi, written by-Park, Jiwon who was a member of the Chosun Envoy. Untilnow, Yeolha-Ilgi was recognized for its historical and literary worth. However, the reason for why the envoys went to Yeolha was never a subject of interest.
Yeolha at the end of the 18th century was a place for the Qing Dynasty to strengthen ties with members of nomadic groups like Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet. In fact the emperor of Qing was also the ruler who succeeded the legitimacy of the Great Khan, Genghis Khan. The place was a special area whose official languages were Mongolian and the Manchu language. Never had a tributary state ever visited Yeolha because tribute-investiture relations were diplomatic relations belonging to the unique jurisdiction of the Libu(Board of Rites). These relations were maintained by official documents in Chinese and Confucian rituals.
The visit of the Chosun envoys to Yeolha was not an accident; rather, it was for the reception of the 6th Panchen Lama of Tibet, another guest who had already visited Yeolha in July. At that time, the Qing Dynasty had almost unified the nomadic worlds of Mongolia, Tibet and Manchuria, which had been in confrontation with each other. It was time for the Qing Dynasty to establish a new ruling ideology for the unification of diverse members, such as the Han-Chinese, Mongolians, Manchurians, Tibetans and Uighur. At that time, Emperor Qianlong intended to discover the realistic and the mental similarity among those members in the Tibet Buddhist belief. The visit to Yeolha under such a background indicates that the tribute-investiture relations of Chosun and the Qing Dynasty were never durable or homogenous.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 시작하며
• 1. 대청제국의 중심, 열하로의 초대
• 2. 티베트불교의 영향력
• 맺으며
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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