북한 경제개선정책의 실행과 제약 미국의 경제제재조치와 북한에의 적용 = The US Economic Sanctions and their Application to North Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the US economic sanctions and their application to North Korea. A set of political and economic variables might be expected to affect the effectiveness of sanctions. Some of the factors appear to influence the effectiveness of economic sanctions in achieving foreign policy goals. Sanctions-defined as mostly economic, but also political and military penalties introduced to alter political and/or military behavior - are employed by the US to discourage nuclear development and ballistic missiles. Even though there are different views on economic sanctions, the US has taken it as a means in achieving foreign policy goals, and North Korea has appeared as a target in its application. The US has taken mostly economic sanctions against DPRK since the Korean War, and considered core means to accomplish nonproliferation of North Korea``s WMD. Upon reaching the Agreed Framework, the Clinton administration took measures to ease some economic sanctions. The easing of sanctions was to permit trade between U.S. and DPRK, but did not influence U.S. nonproliferation controls on DPRK. Restrictions related to multilateral arrangements still remain according to the Wassenaar Arrangement, and influence trade and financial transactions. The Bush administration is not considering any progress in the easing of economic sanctions without North Korea``s abandonment in developing nuclear weapons. However, in case that North Korea gives up the nuclear development, it may be possible the US takes step in effective, substantial easing of economic sanctions.