치료와 재활로서의 음악의 흐름 = Diachronic Studies of Music as Therapy and Rehabilitation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been believed that there existed sounds before the human being's coming into presence on this planet and that sounds are the elements of the universe wish take some forms of language.
As the human history passed by, music has been used as a means of promoting men's health. Therefore music has come to be wherever men live.
The music therapy did not appear suddenly in the twentieth century, but the basic ideas of applying music therapy to some areas of human life can be traced back to the old primitive society. Scientific approach of evaluating the music therapy is relatively new field and still much more is expected to be explored in many aspected in the future.
Especially today the role of music therapy is required more than ever before because use huge structures and systems of the highly developed contemporary industrial society have caused human being's simplification and isolation, and thus led to serious reality of disregarding and/or sacrification and human nature; the trend is that increased number of people reports of their physical and emotional disturbance; and the increase of aging population due to the medial development calls for many welfare programs for the old people.
The use music in connection with healing practices goes back to the shaman of primitive trives. The Greeks were among the first to advocate a controlled use of music to promote health and high moral standards. From the time of the Greeks to the dawn of the scientific age in medicine in the late 18th century, music was incorporated in the general theory and philosophy of medical treatment and was often prescribed as a cure for various physical and psychological ailments.
During the late 18th and 19th centuries, however, the fields of music and medicine began to diverge. As music developed as a performing art and medicine become a specialized science, the use of music was no longer a part and medicine treatment philosophy. In the late 19th century, music and medicine again begin to converge as scientific principles began to be applied to the study the therapeutic effects.
A renewed interest in the use of music in hospitals was precipitated by the advent of the phonograph around the turn of the century. During the War years, music therapy began be used with increasing frequency in the treatment of wounded veterans. As music therapy developed into organized profession during the latter half of the 20th century, the therapeutic use of music came to be applied to clients having a wide variety of disorders. In recent years, the western worlds has also taken an, and consciousness expansion.
Although some organization relations related to the use of music in hospitals existed in the early 20th century, it was the increased use of music in Veterans Administration Hospitals during world war II that provided the major impetus for the formation of a national professional music therapy organization in the United States. In the 1940s, Various committees of professional associations helped establish communication among those who worker with the therapeutic uses of music.
The National Association for Music Therapy(NAMT) was founded in 1950 for the purpose of developing the therapeutic use of music in hospital, educational, and community setting and advancing research, education, and training in the profession of music therapy. In 1971, a second national organization, the American Association for Music Therapy(AAMT), was established as New York University in New York City. These two music therapy organizations will be unified by 1988, Jan, and named American Music Therapy Association(AMTA). Professional organizations for music therapy have also developed in many other countries, including England, France, Canada, Norway, Neverland, Scandinavia, German, Scotland, Yugoslavia, Belgium, South America, Argentina, Poland, Sweden, Japan and Korea and few countries.
In this study I tried to review and analyze as much diachronic materials about music therapy as possible. I found out that, in our country was founded Korea Music Therapy Association in 29th. Nov. 1996. Also, established the Department of music therapy in Sukmyueng Women University in Seoul, Korea.
Considering the efficacy of music therapy and therapeutic activities in wastern countries along with the historical records presented here in, I hope that this study will make some contributions to materializing "training program of music therapies" and their certified wherever their services are more required on future in our country.