대학생의 애착관계 및 유형과 진로탐색효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향 = The Influence of Attachment Relationship and Style and Career Search Self-Efficacy on Career Development of College Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated how attachment and career search self-efficacy predict career development among college students(N=613). This research extended previous research in two important ways. First, it assessed attachment in terms of actual attachment relationships and styles. Second, career development encompassed a number of constructs, such as career exploration, career indecision, career identity, and career adaptability. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to address (a) how the actual attachment relationships and styles influence career search self-efficacy and career development, and (b) how career search self-efficacy affects career development. Attachment to father, mother, and peer explained the career search self-efficacy variance. Anxiety and avoidance predicted the career search self-efficacy beliefs. In addition, the combination of the attachment relationship and style variables accounted for much more variance of the career search self-efficacy beliefs than each of the attachment variables. The attachment relationship and style variables predicted each of the career development variables differently, after controlling for the individual demographic variables. Finally, the career search self-efficacy beliefs affected all the career development variables, after controlling for the individual demographic variables and the attachment variables. Career search self-efficacy contributed to the explained variance of career adaptability, self-exploration, and environment exploration very strongly. Implications for research and counseling practices were provided. Limitations of the study were also discussed.

Key words : College students, attachment relationship, attachment style, career search self-efficacy, career exploration, career indecision, career identity, career adaptability.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 학교에서 직업세계로의 전환과정에 있는 대학생(N=613)의 애착관계 및 유형과 진로탐색효능감이 진로 결정․탐색․적응수준을 포함하는 진로발달에 미치는 영향을 심층적으로 탐색하였다. 동시적 회귀분석 결과, 애착관계 변인들의 경우 부애착, 모애착, 동료애착 모두 진로탐색효능감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 애착유형 변인들의 경우, 불안 및 회피 모두 진로탐색효능감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 애착관계 및 유형 변인들의 결합적 영향을 탐색하기 위한 동시적 회귀분석 결과, 불안, 동료애착 및 부애착이 진로탐색효능감을 설명하는데 있어 통계적으로 유의한 변인으로 확인되었다. 애착관계 및 유형 변인들은 인구학적 변인들을 통제한 후 진로발달 변인들 각각을 상이한 방식으로 유의하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 모애착 및 불안은 진로관련 자기탐색에 유의한 영향을 미치고, 부애착 및 불안은 진로관련 환경탐색에 유의한 영향을 지니며, 모애착이 진로미결정을 유의하게 설명하고, 불안이 진로정체감을 유의하게 예언하는 것으로 나타났다. 동료애착, 부애착, 불안 및 회피는 진로적응성을 유의하게 설명하는 것으로 확인되었다. 진로탐색효능감은 자기탐색, 환경탐색, 진로미결정, 진로정체감 및 진로적응성 모두를 유의하게 설명하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 진로적응성과 진로탐색에 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

주요어 : 대학생, 애착관계, 애착유형, 진로탐색효능감, 진로탐색, 진로미결정, 진로정체감, 진로적응성

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한글 SPSS 12 0을 이용한 자료분석의 이해와 응용" 서울 도서출판 대경 2005

2 "청소년기 애착에 관한 질적 연구" 2004

3 "청소년기 애착 안정성과 우울성향의 관계 지각된 유능감 Perceived Competence 의 매개효과를 중심으로" 1998

4 "청년기의 애착과 자아존중감 및 자기효능감의 관계" 4 (4): 88-106, 1997b

5 "자기효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향" 2001

6 "여대생의 진로미결정과 애착 및 자기효능감의 관계 연구" 2004

7 "성인애착의 3범주 모델과 4범주 모델의 비교" 10 (10): 123-138, 1997a

8 "사회통계조사" 서울 통계청 2006

9 "대학생의 진로탐색행동과 동기요인 및 애착의 관계 분석" 2003

10 "대학생의 진로낙관성과 진로적응성 Career Futures Inventory 의 타당화 연구" 7 (7): 821-833, 2006

11 "대학생의 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동의 발달 및 이차원적 유형화" 1997

12 "Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review" 1977191-215.

13 "The application of attachment theory to counseling psychology" 23 (23): 484-490, 1995

14 "The Career Futures Inventory A Measure of career related adaptability and optimism" 13 (13): 3-24, 2005

15 "Family dysfunction parental attachment and career search self efficacy among community college students" 43 (43): 84-89, 1996

16 "Evaluation of a short form of the Career Decision Making Self Efficacy Scale" 4 (4): 47-57, 1996

17 "Development of the Career Search Efficacy Scale. Journal of Career Assessment" . Assessing career search self-efficacy expectations s. : 111-123, 1994

18 "Continuity and discontinuity of attachment from infancy through adolescence" 71 (71): 690-694, 2000

19 "Career decision making and career search activities Relative effects of career search self efficacy and human agency" 42 (42): 448-455, 1995

20 "Attachment to parents and adjustment in late adolescent college students Current status applications and future considerations" 23 (23): 433-456, 1995

21 "Attachment theory and career development Current status and future directions" 23 (23): 416-432, 1995

22 "Attachment style and career development among college aged adults" Unpublished doctoral dissertation 1999

23 "Attachment security s relation to various indices of career development" Unpublished doctoral dissertation 2004

24 "Attachment in adolescence" New York Guilford Press 1999

25 "Attachment and career agency An investigation of career exploration" Unpublished doctoral dissertation 2004

26 "Assessing career search self efficacy Construct evidence and developmental antecedents" 6 (6): 181-194, 1998

27 "2004학년도 신입생 실태조사 분석" 숙명여자대학교 학생생활상담소 2005

28 ". 한국 대학생의 의사결정유형과 진로결정수준의 분석 및 진로결정 상담의 효과. 박사학위 논문" 숙명여자대학교. 1992

29 ". Toward a unifying social and cognitive theory of career and academic interest and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior" 79-122, 1994

30 ". The space between us. San Francisco" Jossey-Bass. 1992

31 ". The inventory of parent and peer attachment Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence" 427-454, 1987

32 ". Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs" Prentice Hall. 1986

33 ". Manual for the inventory of parent and peer attachment The University of Washington" . Unpublished manuscript 1992

34 ". Avoidance of intimacy An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships" 147-178, 1990

35 ". Attachment styles among young adults A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 226-244, 1991

36 ". Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist" 709-716, 1989