브레인스토밍에 관한 문헌 고찰 = A Literature Review on the Brainstorming

국문 초록 (Abstract)

Osborn에 의해 개발된 집단 브레인스토밍은 어떤 구체적인 문제를 창의적으로 해결하기 위해 판단을 유보하여, 일단 많은 양의 아이디어를 내고, 앞에서 나온 아이디어를 개선하거나 다른 아이디어와 결합하여 더 좋은 아이디어를 산출하는 자유연상 기법의 한가지로서 전세계적으로 널리 적용되고 있다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 브레인스토밍의 규칙과 세부 절차를 자세하게 고찰하였고, 집단과 개별 브레인스토밍의 효과성을 비교하였다. 그리고 집단 브레인스토밍을 실시함에 있어 아이디어 생산성을 감소시키는 요소들 (아이디어 생산 차단효과, 사회적인 빈둥성, 획일적인 사고, 명가불안)에 대해 논의하였고, 이런 문제로 인해 집단 브레인스토밍이 개인 브레인스토밍에 비해 아이디어의 양과 질이 우수하지 못하므로, 이를 해결하기 위해 전자브레인스토밍 및 기타 제안점들을 제시하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Brainstorming as a group form was developed by Osborn in 1938 and widely publicized in his book. ‘Applied Imagination’. It is the most well-known and well-researched approach for generating creative ideas. It became too popular too fast. with the result that it was frequently misused. Despite the popularity of group brainstorming, research has shown that group brainstorming is not always effective in increasing group creativity. In fact, there is little evidence that groups perform better than individuals, both in the quantity and the quality of the idea.
This paper first reviewed the four basic guidelines for brainstorming recommended by Osborn: (1) criticism is ruled out; (2) ‘free-wheeling’ is welcomed; (3) quantity is wanted; (4) combination and improvement are sought. And then the specific procedures in brainstorming such as, group size. length of the time, the role of the leader were explained in detail. Secondly. group performance was compared to the performance of subjects working as individuals and most of the evidence from these studies suggests that subjects perform more poorly on idea-production tests when they work together that when they work alone. Finally, this paper examined the theories of productivity loss in brainstorming groups and major characteristics of production blocking, uniformity thinking, evaluation apprehension, and social loafing as explanations of the differences in brainstorming productivity were reviewed. And there were still some unanswered questions in interpreting the causes of the productivity loss.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 《요약》
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 브레인스토밍
• Ⅲ. 브레인스토밍의 효과와 생산성 감소
• Ⅳ. 결론 및 제언
• 참고문헌
• Abstract