갑신정변 전후 개화 개념의 내포와 표상 = Intention and Presentation of the Concept of Gaehwa(開化) around the Kapshin Coup of 1884

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Existing studies dealing with the adoption of western thought do not consider that the term Gaehwa was used before the introduction of Gaehwa as a modern concept, reflecting the Confucian notion, so that, in the process of accepting the translation of civilization, the term Gaehwa was regarded as the modern concept, meaning western civilization. Owing to this notion, prior study of the Gaehwa concept largely overlooks the intention and presentation of the Gaehwa concept. Given that the various ways of maintaining the governing system after the opening of the port in 1876 were proposed to the King via the words `Gaemulseungmu Hwaminseungsok(開物成務化民成俗),` the words indicate the possibility of their including the admission of western civilization as well as the Confucian one. The quest to develop the culture by introducing western skills and systems, and the concept of Gaehwa, meaning the improvement of customs within Hanseongsunbo, the conscious efforts by the people to understand the independent sovereignty of the nation illustrated that the improvement and independence of the nation was contained through the strength of civilization and accepted by the ruler. The concept of Gaehwa manifested itself in the political arena through the foundation of the Gaehwa Party. To Yun Chi-ho, who was a member of the Gaehwa Party but did not participate in the Kapshin Coup, the concept of Gaehwa meant to change the ruling system, to conform with those of modern western nations. But, his concept of Gaehwa functioned within the traditional boundary of the ruling system, conducted through the ruler`s selection and political variables, without excluding the existence of the king, the practical subject. The existence of the king, a practical subject contained within the concept of Gaehwa, however, disappeared with the Kapshin Coup. The reformation of Kim Ok-kyun, who pursued the reform of the power structure, was also defined by the concept of Gaehwa, in the process carried out soon after the Coup. The improvement of customs within Hanseongsunbo, and Yun Chi-ho`s reform of the system of government were contained equally by the concept of Gaehwa within the Coup. The difference was that the existence of king as a practical subject lost its meaning. Accordingly, in the ruler`s place, the concept of Gaehwa within the Coup was presented as a big challenge against the ruler, and as something not for the nation but for individual ambition. In addition, the reforms of Kim Ok-kyun and so on, dependent on Japan`s military power, were described equally by the concept of Gaehwa, and were presented as the image of `Maegukbaejong(賣國背宗)` to people who had anti-Japanese sentiments.

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