서구 ‘2세대 페미니즘’의 성매매 논쟁 = 전개 과정과 이론적ㆍ실천적 함의

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 2004년 「성매매방지법」 제정으로 촉발된 논쟁을 분석하기 위한 일종의 예비작업으로서, 북미와 유럽에서 전개된 ‘2세대 페미니즘’의 성매매 논쟁을 살펴본다. 1970~80년대 북미와 유럽에서 성매매 쟁점은 ‘페미니스트 성전쟁’이라고 불릴 만큼 격렬한 갈등을 초래했다. 당시 쟁점이 되었던 성노예제, 성매매된 여성, 성노동, 성노동자 개념과 성구매자 처벌, 비범죄화 등의 해결 방안은 한국 성매매 논쟁에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. ‘1세대 페미니즘’이 소멸한 후, 성매매 쟁점이 다시 페미니즘 역사에 등장한 것은 1970년대 초였다. 북미와 유럽에서 수많은 성판매자권리단체들이 조직되었고, 성매매를 이론화 하는 시도가 등장했다. 1970년대에도 이미 성판매자권리운동과 페미니즘 이론 내부에 이론적ㆍ실천적 긴장이 존재했지만, 갈등이 폭발한 것은 1980년대였다. 페미니스트들은 크게 성매매가 성폭력이므로 성구매자를 처벌해야 한다는 입장과 성매매는 성노동이므로 비범죄화해야 한다는 입장으로 분열되었다. 그러나 논쟁을 자세히 살펴보면, 성매매를 여성억압으로 이해하더라도 그 해법은 다를 수 있고, 같은 해법을 지지하더라도 성매매에 관한 입장은 다를 수도 있으며, 표면적으로는 명백히 대립하는 입장들도 상당히 유사한 이론적 구조를 공유한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 결론을 바탕으로 이 논문은 한국 여성운동과 학계가 해결해야 할 질문을 던진다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to inspect the 2nd wave feminist debates on prostitution, as a kind of preliminary study to analyze the controversies among korean feminists triggered by the Prostitution Prevention Laws in 2004. In North America and West Europe in the 1970s and 1980s, severe conflicts among feminists were caused by the issue of prostitution, which was called as a ‘feminist sex war’. Korean feminists were influenced greatly by the 2nd wave feminists’ concepts and solutions such as ‘sexual slavery’, ‘prostituted women’, ‘sex work’, ‘sex workers’, ‘punishment of clients’, and ‘decriminalization of sex work’. After ‘the 1st feminism’ vanished in the 1920s, the prostitution issue didn’t appear until the early 1970s when feminism was revived. Lots of prostitutes(sex workers) established their own organizations and the feminists tried to construct various theories of prostitution. There were already theoretical and practical tensions within prostitutes’ rights movements and feminist theories in the 1970s, but it was in the 1980s that the actual splits burst out. By and large, feminists were divided into two groups. One insisted the governments punish clients on the ground that they are the perpetrators of sexual violence. The other supported decriminalization of sex work for sex workers’ rights. Nevertheless, it is confirmed by examining the debates that the feminists who consider prostitution as the suppression of women can support different solutions, and those who support the same solution can theorize prostitution in different ways. Sometimes the apparently oppositional standpoints share very similar theoretical structures. These findings present some questions to Korean feminists.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• 1. 문제제기
• 2. 성혁명과‘페미니스트 성전쟁’
• 3. 1970년대, 성매매 쟁점의 등장
• 4. 1980년대, 성매매 논쟁의 격화
• 5. 결론, 그리고 몇 가지 질문
• 참고 문헌
• Abstract

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