지정학의 재발견과 비판적 재구성: 비판지정학 = The Rediscovery of Geopolitics and Critical Reconstruction: Critical Geopolitics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigates critical geopolitics, one of the most prominent approaches in geopolitics since the 1980s. A group of political geographers, most prominently Gearóid Ó Tuathail, were influenced by postmodernism and reconstructed geopolitics with a critical perspective by problematizing the political neutrality of so called ‘classical geopolitics’. They defined geopolitics as a cultural phenomenon and investigated how diverse geopolitical agents strategically used geopolitical representations at multiple scales of space beyond a state-centric description of geopolitics. Critical geopolitical scholars have exposed the assumptions and political intentions of classical
geopolitics and foreign policy by deconstructing discourses. Critical geopolitics is evaluated as a new research paradigm for geopolitics to overcome its tainted historical ties to imperialism. However, critical geopolitics has been challenged by feminist perspectives that argue it failed to overcome a patriarchal and western-centric world view and that critical geography scholars ignore the politics of everyday life and economic factors. Critical geopolitics has evolved by absorbing these critics. The paper concludes by suggesting that critical geopolitics may be a useful perspective to explore Korean geopolitics.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 1980년대 이후의 지정학 연구에서 중요한 흐름을 차지하는 비판지
정학에 대한 검토를 주 내용으로 한다. 포스트모더니즘에 영향을 받은 Ó Tuathail
과 일단의 정치지리학자들은 고전지정학의 정치적 중립성과 연구방법에 대한 문
제 제기를 통해 지정학을 비판적 시각으로 재구성했다. 이들은 지정학을 문화적
현상으로 규정하고 국가 중심의 지정학 기술에서 벗어나 다양한 지정학 주체가
다층위의 공간 속에서 어떻게 지정학을 전략적으로 이용했는지 분석했다. 비판지
정학자들은 담론 분석을 통해 고전지정학 이론과 현대 외교정책을 비판적으로 연
구했으며 제국주의로 얼룩진 과거를 극복하고 지정학의 새로운 연구의 장을 열었
다는 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 페미니즘 학계로부터 가부장적·서구 중심적 세계
관을 극복하지 못했다는, 비판지리학 그룹으로부터는 지정학의 경제적 요인을 간
과했다는 비판을 받았다.

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