부모의 교육적 관여가 학업성취에 미치는 영향:가정배경의 영향을 중심으로 = Parental involvement and student achievement in South Korea: Focusing on differential effects by family background

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 한국교육개발원의 한국교육종단조사(KELS) 1차년도 데이터를 사용하여 부모의 교육적 관여가 중학생 자녀의 학업성취에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 부모의 교육적 관여는 학교활동참가, 자녀친구 부모와의 상호작용, 학습·생활지도, 집안규칙으로 정의되었다. 분석은 이들 네 가지 유형의 교육적 관여가 무엇에 의해 결정되고, 중학생 자녀의 학업성취에 어떤 영향을 미치며, 그 영향이 가정배경에 따라 어떻게 다른지에 초점을 두고 수행되었다. 연구결과는 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 낮을수록 교육적 관여가 제대로 이루어지지 않을 가능성이 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나 부모의 사회경제적 지위와 교육적 관여 사이의 관계는 매우 제한적이었다. 연구결과는 또한 교육적 관여가 계층간 교육격차를 해소하는 데 기여하기보다는 그 반대의 결과를 초래할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 특히 학습·생활지도 형태의 교육적 관여는 부모의 교육수준이 높은 자녀의 영어 학업성취에 더 유리하게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회계층간 교육불평등을 줄이기 위한 하나의 정책적 대안으로 자주 고려되는 부모의 교육적 관여가 소기의 목적을 달성하는 데 상당한 한계를 가질 수 있음을 시사해준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the relationship between four dimensions(i.e., participation in school activities, interaction with parents of child's friend, learning activities at home, and home supervision) of parental involvement and student achievement in South Korea, using representative data for junior high school students from the 2005 Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS). Special attention is given to an analysis of a differential effect of parental involvement on student achievement by family background. The authors found that higher SES parents are more likely involved in their children's education than are low SES parents. However, the relationship between parental SES and involvement is limited. The authors also found that a specific dimension of involvement(i.e., learning activities at home) has greater effects for those children from families with higher SES, in particular with respect to English achievement. The findings suggest that parental involvement itself may play a role in increasing achievement gaps between children from higher SES families and those from low SES families.

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