실존주의 철학에서 본 죽음과 교육

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간에게 있어서 삶과 죽음은 큰 의미를 지닌다. 죽음은 삶의 종말로 끝나는 무위한 것이 아니라, 삶에 영향을 미친다. 죽음에 대한 태도 또한 삶에 영향을 미친다. 결국 죽음의 철학은 삶의 철학에 영향을 미치며, 그 역의 경우도 마찬가지이다. 죽음의 문제가 삶의 문제이고, 삶의 문제가 인간의 문제라면 그것은 결국 교육의 문제이므로 교육에서 이를 수용하여야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 죽음의 문제를 삶의 문제와 연결시켜 생각한 실존주의 철학의 죽음관과 교육관 분석을 통해 죽음교육의 방향과 당위성에 대한 시사점들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 실존주의자들은 삶과 죽음을 배타적인 관계로 보지 않고 보완적인 관계로 보면서, 죽음이라고 하는 것이 삶의 질을 고양시키고 윤택하게 하는 긍정적 요소라고 파악한다. 그래서 죽음이라고 하는 이슈가 교육의 주요 내용이 될 수 있다고 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine some existentialists' view of death and to seek for the implications for the direction of death education. Existential philosophy differs from philosophical anthropology, which is principally interested in man. Existentialism is not concerned with man in general, but in his concrete individuality. It is in the name of the concrete individual that Kierkegaard mounted his attack on Hegel. The particular experience on death underlying the thinking of the existentialist philosophers is described by Kiergaard as “possible sublation of existence”; in Jaspers it appears as the “awareness of the fragility of Being” or as the experiencing of the “limit situations”; in Heidegger as “the experience of progressing toward death”, and as the experience of “not being at home in the world”; and in Sartre as the all-pervading disgust with existence, manifesting itself as nausea. In existentialism, the fact of death occupies a central place. Death is solely the absence of awareness. So long as I live, I am aware. When I have dead, there will be no awareness of my having ceased to be aware. Awareness that death will come ultimately may or may not make it easier to risk a particular death now. Furthermore, there are many things, other than moral principles, which give courage in the face of death, not the least powerful of which is the failure to love life. The person who is aware of his death and the consequent limit to his time on earth will thereby concentrate on essentials. He will not waste time in useless details, since detail is often but an excuse to avoid the real issues in life. Recognizing his death, man is prompted to get immediately to the point of his life and to stay there. He will always look ahead; he will see every action of his in the light of a total plan. Dealing with death has the potential for improving the quality of life. Life consists of a constant ebb and flow, of death and renewal. By accepting this concept, one comes to experience a new quality of living. Death education is the ongoing process of exploring factors pertaining to death and dying and their relationship to the living. And the intent of death education is not to become preoccupied with death but rather to foster a greater sensitivity to life. In short, death education is for the living. Therefore educators have to take much interest in death and death education.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 실존주의 철학에서 보는 죽음 Ⅲ. 실존주의 철학에서 보는 죽음교육 Ⅳ. 결론 참 고 문 헌 Abstract