영국과 독일의 기후변화정책

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영국과 독일은 부속서 I 국가의 비경제이행국가들 중에서 교토의정서의 의무감축량을 실현하는 방향으로 가고 있는 흔치않은 국가들이다. 이 글에서는 양국이 온실가스를 감축하기 위해 시행하고 있는 기후변화정책에 대해 검토하고 그러한 기후변화정책이 어떻게 수립되고 이행될 수 있었는지, 어떤 과정과 참여자들을 통해 이루어졌는지, 그러한 정책형성의 배경이 되는 이념적 기초는 무엇인지에 대해 살펴본다. 양국의 적극적인 기후변화정책은 과학적 연구결과를 바탕으로 기후변화문제를 인식한 정부가 다양한 이해집단들과의 협의를 통해 형성·이행되고 있다. 주요한 정책수단으로는 기후변화부과금이나 생태세, 배출권 거래제 등의 경제유인적 정책수단과 산업체와의 자발적 협약이나 산업체의 자발적 공약 등이다. 이러한 정책들은 두 국가들에서 정도의 차이는 있지만 생태적 근대화를 이념적 기초로 하고 있다. 독일은 반핵운동의 경험을 바탕으로 시민사회에서 녹색공론장이 형성되고, 탈핵을 기초로 에너지체제 전환을 위해 생태적 근대화가 이루어져왔기에 기후변화대응에서 시장과 기술에 보다 의존적인 영국에 비해 좀 더 깊숙이 생태적 근대화가 이루어지고 있다. 기후변화는 생태적 근대화 전략을 시험하는 시금석이 되고 있지만 양국의 성과에도 불구하고 기후변화가 생태적 근대화를 통해 해결될 수 있을지는 좀 더 지켜보아야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Britain and Germany are rare countries whose greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced to the level enough to accomplish their Kyoto reduction targets. This paper reviews both countries’ climate change policies and explores how those policies could be established and implemented, what kind of processes and participants have been involved, and what is the ideological basis of those policies. Both Countries' active climate change policies, basically initiated by the governments, have been established and implemented based on scientific research results and through consultations with various interest groups. Major policy instruments include incentive-based policy instruments such as climate change levy and ecological tax, emission trading, voluntary agreements between industries and governments. These policy instruments are designed based on the strategy of ecological modernization in spite of difference in degree between two countries. In Germany, in responding to the issue of climate change, strong ecological modernization has been experimented based on historical experience of anti-nuclear movements resulting in the creation of a green public sphere and transformation of energy system. This is different from the UK more dependent on technological and market solutions, pursuing weak ecological modernization. The issue of climate change has become a litmus paper for ecological modernization strategy and whether this strategy delivers successful outcome needs to wait and see in spite of apparent success of both countries.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 연구의 목적과 필요성
• 2. 영국과 독일의 온실가스 배출현황과 추이
• 3. 영국과 독일의 기후변화정책 수단들
• 4. 영국과 독일의 기후변화정책 형성과정과 이념적 기초의 이해
• 5. 맺음말
• 【참고문헌】
• ENGLISH ABSTRACT

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