高麗時代 宋商 貿易의 再照明 = Rethinking on the Trading Activities of Merchants from Sung in Goryeo Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The existing studies on trades of merchants from Sung have left us with outstanding achievement in verifying abundant trading activities between the two countries, but they explained such trades based on the data from Goryeo History (高麗史) and Summary of Goryeo History (高麗史節要). Thus, those studies are limited in understanding the trades between merchants from Sung and people of Goryeo. Therefore, I attempted to prove that their activities were significantly more frequent than ever known so far with new data. As a result, two or three merchant ships from Sung came to Korea almost every year from Hyonjong (顯宗) to King Chungryeol (忠烈王) where two or more merchant groups visited Goryeo in most cases. They also pursued long-term trades while staying at guesthouses provided by the Royal court of Goryeo. With these given conditions of merchants from Sung, people of Goryeo could trade with them at Yeseong Harbor (禮成港) and guesthouses in Kaegyeong at all times. Those merchants from Sung did not decide trade goods unilaterally that were reflected on demands and requests of people of Goryeo.
Then, I examined on the correlation between merchants from Sung and government power of Goryeo Dynasty. In order to secure safe trades for them, the merchants from Song visited the king of Goryeo, paid tributes to him and participated in rituals of Palgwanhoe (八關會). In response to their tributes, the king of Goryeo treated them as associate envoys and provided them with guesthouses for their convenience in trades. Besides such aforementioned political relationship between them, those merchants from Sung made trades with the king, offering the most precious goods and delivering preordered items to him. The main reason for those activities is that they were seeking for protection from the king, the most powerful figure in the earlier part of Goryeo Dynasty. Since the power fell into the hands of military regime from the king upon the coup dEtat of military regime (武臣政變), it is assumed that merchants from Sung were forced to find the military regime as a new sponsor. They kept visiting Goryeo as in the early period of Goryeo, but there are hardly any articles about them paying tributes to the king any more in Goryeo History. That the military regime often appeared in affairs including merchants from Sung implies their trading circumstances upon the coup. In the early period of Goryeo Dynasty, the king could exercise his political authority over merchants from Sung and receive economic profit from them. However, most parts of such practical benefit are thought to be transferred to the military regime.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 高麗前期 宋商 무역과 國王
• 3. 武臣政權期 宋商 貿易과 武臣執政
• 4. 맺음말