일제말 전시체제기 부산 시가지계획의 전개와 그 특질 = The Characteristics of the Japanese Government －general’s Town Planning and Urbanization of Busan in the war basis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the way in which Japanese government－general in Chosen had practiced Choson Town Planning Act (June 1934) and the Busan urbanization proposal from1934 to 1945.
Busan Urbanization Proposal took effect by the Japanese government－general Notification No.188 of 1937 and had been practiced until the end of the war in 1945. The object of urbanizing Busan was to reorganize and develop the city as a hub of trade with England and Southeast Asian nations. The government－general claimed that it had to improve the infrastructure, such as roadwork, water supply and drainage, of Busan to keep pace with the growing population of the city. Ugly jumble of buildings was another problem with which it faced. In this paper, however, we can see that the government－general’s ultimate purpose of the urbanization was to utilize landfills by building roads and residential districts on them. Also by building a factory district on the landfills in Busan, the government －general made the city a rear base providing commodities.
The target area of the urbanization was Yongson, Pujon, and Pomil, which were 6,214,000㎡ in total. Street network covered a region from Yongsonjong and Songdo to an ordnance factory at Chokki. Chasongdae watchtower of Busanjin, Choson textile manufactory of Pomil－tong, and Songdo were considered more important sites for the repair works than other places.
To secure the town－planning revenue, the Japanese government－general in Korea imposed general tax on those who would benefit, while in the mainland the Japanese government collected a special town－planning tax. Both Korean and Japanese landowners in Korea peninsula complained about the levy, and they petitioned jointly to be exempted from the tax. In the meantime, due to the replanning of streets, many Korean commons and the poor had pressing problem in finding new places to move in. The authorities, however, barely coped with the situation.
By executing Choson Town Planning Act, in sum, Japanese government－general aimed to make colonized Choson a military supply base. Busan was developed as a rear base providing commodities. In the course of the urbanization, Busan, which was a fishing hamlet with one hundred thousand p’yong of Japanese settlement in 1876, became a big city of the size of two million p’yong by the 1930s. The transformation of Busan into a modern city endowed Japanese landowners in Busan with a profit. As a result, those landlords lived in plenty and vitality. Majority of Korean resident of Busan, however, suffered from the sense of relative deprivation and oppression, because they were excluded from the town planningand estranged from land ownership.