포스트모던 역사인식과 역사학습 = Postmodernism in History and History Learning

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During past several decades, history profession has faced a serious challenge on its academic purpose and methodology from so called post-structuralism, "linguistic turn," deconstructionism, and postmodernism. They questioned the existence of "historical reality," because they define reality as language and believe "a real world" is only represented in text. Thus the object of historical study is not a real past but a "texted past." Historical documents as a text can be interpreted with various meanings. At the extreme stage, fact and fiction, history and literature become indistinguishable from one another. They asked historians to restore narrative tradition, questioning "objectivity" of historical writing.
This perception on history has brought a great stir among historians, in saying that there is no reality out there which is anything but a subjective creation of the historian. It denies the fundamental base of modern history profession, that "historical narrative reflects a reality of the past." Even though there aren"t many historians who follows that it is language that creates meaning, "linguistic turn" has taught them to examine texts with far more care and caution than they did before. Postmodern perception of history also urged historians to introspect on the substance and limits of historical study, and contributed to explore a new sphere and ways of historical inquiry.
New recognition of history not only brought a meaningful perspective on historical truth, evidence, problem of cause and effect, and historical fact and fiction, but it also made us reconsider the problem of teaching and learning history, hinting a possibility of creating meaningful historical knowledge in the classrooms. Skepticism on "universal knowledge," critique on dichotomy of subject and object of thinking, and denial of "objective historical writing" and "totality of history," raised a question on whether there is a basic historical knowledge which should be taught in schools. To avoid history teaching being a myth and a fake, teachers and students should be restored as beings of "doing" history. And they need to read historical text critically, not just receive the meaning of text but read "intention in writing a text" considering context of the text, and finally create their own meaning. "Critical reading" leads to writing history and telling their own voice in narratives. Critical reading and history writing can be a way of producing active historical knowledge.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 역사인식의 전환
• 3. ‘역사 읽기’와 ‘역사 쓰기’
• 4. 맺음말
• Abstract