섭식행동에서 계획된 행동이론과 Bentler-Speckart 모형의 비교 검증 = Comparison of Theory of Planned Behavior and Bentler-Speckart Model on Eating Behaviors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To differentiate the predictors of monitoring behavior about what they eat and purging behavior of what they ate, Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) and modified Bentler-Speckart Model(modified BSM) were applied to eating behaviors at the sample of 130 female students of a university of United States. eating monitoring was defined and measured as watching what one eat and monitoring the nutritional content, and eating disorder behavior was defined and measured as purging, vomiting, using a laxative. The factorial structure of seven measures of eating behaviors which was assumed to be composed of two dimensions was tested. Also, predictive powers of precedents were tested by Structural Equation Modeling. The main results were as follows. First, eating monitoring and eating disorder behavior were independent and different dimensions. Second, as far as eating monitoring concerned, the model fits of Theory of planned behavior(TPB) and modified Bentler-Speckart model were satisfactory. Also, almost all of the path coefficients were significant except for the path from subjective norm to intention, from perceived behavioral control to present behavior in TPB and from intention to present behavior in modified BSM. Third, as far as eating disorder behavior concerned, the model fits of modified BSM was better than those of TPB. Finally, the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

섭식행동들 가운데 개인이 자신의 섭식행동을 점검하거나 이미 먹은 음식을 제거하는 섭식장애행동에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 설명하기 위하여 계획된 행동이론과 수정된 Bentler-Speckart 모형을 비교하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 미국의 한 주립대학교의 여학생 130명을 대상으로 섭식점검행동은 음식의 영양분을 고려하고 신경 써서 음식을 섭취하는 것과 같이 자신의 섭식을 관찰하는 행동으로 정의하고 측정하였다. 섭식장애행동은 섭식장애 가운데 이미 먹은 음식을 의도적으로 몸 밖으로 배출하기 위하여 하제나 이뇨제를 사용하는 행동으로 정의하고 측정하였다. 이 두 척도들로 측정한 행동들이 두 요인으로 변별됨을 검증하였고, 이론과 모형에서 제안한 변인들이 두 유형의 섭식행동들에 대한 예측력에서 차이가 있는지 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 중요한 결과는 다음과 같다; 첫째, 섭식장애행동과 섭식점검행동은 독립적이고 구분되는 행동의 차원이라는 점을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 섭식점검행동의 경우에는 계획된 행동이론과 수정된 Bentler-Speckart 모형 모두에서 부합도 수준이 유의한 차이없이 양호하였다. 그리고 각 이론과 모형에서 제안한 경로들도 대부분 유의하였다. 다만 계획된 행동이론에서 주관규범이 행동의도에 직접 영향을 미치는 경로와 행동통제력지각이 섭식점검행동에 직접 영향을 미치는 경로가 유의하지 않았다. 수정된 Bentler-Speckart 모형에서는 행동의도가 섭식점검행동에 영향을 미치는 직접 경로가 유의한 경향만 보였다. 셋째, 섭식장애행동의 경우에는 수정된 Bentler-Speckart 모형이 계획된 행동이론보다 부합도 수준이 더 우수하였다. 그리고 계획된 행동이론에 의해서 섭식장애행동을 예측하면 과거행동이 행동통제력지각에 영향을 미치고, 태도가 행동의도에 영향을 미치며, 행동의도가 행동을 유의하게 예측하였다. 수정된 Bentler-Speckart 모형에 의하여 검증하면 태도, 행동통제력지각 및 과거행동이 행동의도를 유의하게 설명하지만, 행동의도는 행동을 예측하지 못하고, 과거행동만 행동을 직접 예측하는데 유의하게 기여하였다. 끝으로 본 연구에서 얻은 결과들과 시사점을 선행연구들과 관련지어서 논의하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한덕웅, "집단행동이론" 시그마프레스 2002

2 한덕웅, "인간의 동기심리" 학지사 2004

3 한덕웅, "섭식행동에 영향을 미치는 심리 요인들" 35-37, 2006

4 이민규, "섭식장애, 사전음식섭취 및 공적 자기주의의에 따른 음식섭취 행동" 6 (6): 209-233, 2001

5 이민규, "섭식장애 행동을 예측하는 모형의 검증 : 계획된 행동이론의 수정모형의 탐색" 6 (6): 173-190, 2001

6 한덕웅, "사회심리학" 학지사 2004

7 이상선, "몸매와 체중에 근거한 자기 평가와 신체 불만족이 여대생의 이상 섭식 행동에 미치는 영향" 한국임상심리학회 23 (23): 91-106, 2004

8 동아일보, "깡마름’의 유혹… 화려하거나 치명적이거나"

9 한덕웅, "과속운전 행동에 영향을 미치는 심리요인들" 6 (6): 39-62, 2001

10 한덕웅, "계획된 행동이론에 의한 음주운전 행동의 설명" 15 (15): 141-158, 2001

11 한계레신문, "거식증 모델 자매 6개월간 잇따라 사망"

12 Cash, T. E., "Women's body images : The results of a national survey in the U. S. A" 33 : 19-28, 1995

13 Gardner, E. R., "Understanding exercise and diet motivation in overweight women enrolled in a weight-loss program : A prospective study using the theory of planned behavior" 34 : 1353-1370, 2004

14 Godin, G., "The theory of planned behavior : A review of its applications to health-related behaviors" 11 : 87-98, 1996

15 Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior" 50 : 179-211, 1991

16 Gendall, K. A., "The nutrient intake of women with bulimia nervosa" 21 : 115-127, 1997

17 Jarry, J. L., "The meaning of body image for women with eating disorders" 43 : 367-374, 1998

18 Garfinkel, P. E., "The heterogeneity of anorexia nervosa" 37 : 1036-1040, 1980

19 Gerrard, M., "The effect of peers' alcohol consumption on parental influence : A cognitive mediational model" 13 : 32-44, 1999

20 Oates-Johnson, T., "Sociotropy, body dissatisfaction and perceived social disapproval in dieting women : A prospective diathesis-stress study of dysphoria" 28 : 715-731, 2004

21 Sutton, S., "Smoking attitudes and behavior: Applications of Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of reasoned action to predicting and understanding smoking decisions, In Smoking and human behavior" Chichester 289-312, 1989

22 Godin, G., "Predictors of. smoking behavior" 87 : 1335-1343, 1992

23 Bentler, P. M., "Models of attitudes-behavior relations" 86 : 452-464, 1979

24 Ajzen, I., "Laws of human behavior: Symmetry, compatibility, and attitude- behavior correspondence, In Multivariate research strategies" Shaker Verlag 3-19, 2005

25 Taylor, S. E., "Health Psychology" McGraw Hill 2003

26 Ajzen, I., "From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior, In Action control: From cognition to behavior" Springer-Verlag 11-39, 1985

27 De Vries, H., "From determinants of smoking behavior to the implications for a prevention programme" 1 : 85-94, 1986

28 French, S. A., "Frequent dieting among adolescents : Psychosocial and health behavior correlates" 5 : 695-701, 1995

29 Dunkley, T. L., "Examination of a model of multiple sociocultural influences on adolescent girls' body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint" 36 : 265-279, 2001

30 Herman, C. P., "Effects of the Presence of Others on Food Intake : A Normative interpretation" 129 : 873-886, 2003

31 Hjermann, I., "Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease" 2 : 1303-1310, 1981

32 Armitage, C. J., "Distinguishing perceptions of control from self-efficacy : Predicting consumption of a low-fat diet using the theory of planned behavior" 29 : 72-90, 1999

33 Birkimer, J. C., "Covert self-reinforcers, fear of consequences, and health behaviors" 139 : 654-664, 1999

34 Gibbons, F. X., "Cognitive reactions to smoking relapse : The reciprocal relation of dissonance and self-esteem" 72 : 184-195, 1997

35 Kremers, S. P. J., "Clustering of energy balance-related behaviors and their intrapersonal determinants" 19 : 595-606, 2004

36 Bamberg, S., "Choice of travel mode in the theory of planned behavior : The roles of past behavior, habit, and reasoned action" 25 : 175-188, 2003

37 Salonen, J., "Changes in morbidity and mortality during comprehensive community. programme to control cardiovascular diseases during. 1972-1977 in North Karelia" 2 : 1178-1183, 1977

38 Pyle, R. L., "Bulimia : a report of 34 cases" 42 : 60-64, 1981

39 McCabe, M. P., "Body image and strategies to lose weight and increase muscle among boys and girls" 22 : 39-46, 2003

40 Babrow, A. S., "Beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and a smoking cessation program : A planned behavior analysis of campaign development" 2 : 145-163, 1990

41 Choi, M. K., "A survey on nutrition intake of the female students in Seoul area according to BMI" 8 : 280-288, 1998

42 Adams, K., "A study of body weight concerns and weight control practices of 4th and 7th grade adolescents" 5 : 79-94, 2000

43 Gerrard, M., "A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents : What you do shapes what you think and vice versa" 15 : 344-354, 1996

44 Povey, R., "A critical examination of the application of the Transtheoretical Model’s stages of change to dietary behaviors" 14 : 641-651, 2000