성인기 애착유형, 부정적 인지 왜곡 및 우울수준간의 관계 = Relationship among Adult Attachment Styles, Negative Cognitive Distortion, and Depression

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 애착유형과 Beck의 부정적 인지삼제(Cognitive triad) 및 우울간의 관계를 알아보기 위해서 수행되었다. 대학생 265명에게 성인애착 관계질문지를 실시하여 애착유형을 Bartholomew의 자기 및 타인 모델에 따라 4가지로 분류했다. 안정형, 공포형, 집착형, 및 무시형에 속한 학생들은 각각 32. 8%, 6.8%, 17.2% 및 34.7 %였다. 연구결과, 공포형 애착집단 (자기상 부정적, 타인상 부정적)은 안정형 애착집단 (자기상 긍정적, 타인상 긍정적)에 비해 자기, 타인 및 외부세계, 그리고 미래에 대하여 부정적인 인지 왜곡이 심한 것으로 나타났으며, 우울수준도 높았다. 집착형 애착집단 (자기상 부정적, 타인상 긍정적)은 무시형 애착집단 (자기상 긍정적, 타인상 부정적)에 비해 자신, 및 미래에 대한 부정적 인지 왜곡이 심했고, 우울수준도 높았다. 그러나 타인 및 외부세계에 대하여 보다 더 긍정적인 인지를 보이지는 않았다. Bartholomew의 자기 및 타인모델은 부분적으로 지지되었다

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among adult attachment styles, negative cognitive triad, and depression. Following Bartholomew's Self and Other Model of attachment styles, we classified adult attachment styles into 4 categories, which were secure (32.8%), fearful (6.8%), preoccupied (17.2%), and dismissing (34.7%) attachment styles. We investigated negative cognitive triad and depression by CTI (Cognitive Triad Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) for the four attachment categories. People with the fearful attachment style (Positivity of Self and Other Model) reported more negative thinking in self, other and future views of CTI and depression than those with the secure attachment style (Negativity of Self and Other Model). Those with preoccupied (Negativity of Self Model and Positivity of Other Model) style showed more negative thinking about self but no negative thinking about other or world than those with the dismissing attachment style (Positive Self Model and Negative Other Model). It suggested that Bartholomew's Self and Other Model of attachtment styles was partially supported, particularly in the Self Model. Suggestions for further research are presented.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "우울증상과 관련된 대인관계 특성 성인기 애착관계형성을 중심으로" 139-153, 1998

2 "우울에 대한 성격-사건간의 일치성 가설의 검증" 247-258, 2000

3 "성인애착의 3범주 모델과 4범주 모델의 비교" 123-138, 1997

4 "성인애착유형과 자기개념 사회적지지 수준과 대인불안의 관계" 949-968, 2004

5 "분노표현양식과 편집증 및 우울의 관계" 427-438, 2000

6 "Working Models of Others and Relationship Functioning Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" Depression 127-140, 1994

7 "Toward an Integration of Beck's Cognitive Theory and Bowlby's Attachment Theory Self-Schema and Adult Attachment Classification in Relation to Depressive Symptoms The University of Texas at Austin" Unpublished doctoral dissertation 2001

8 "Toward a transactional model of relations between attachment and depression Attachment in the preschool years University of Chicago Press" 339-372, 1990

9 "The roles of attachment and the cognitive triad in depression" Unpublished doctoral dissertation Case Western Reserve University 2001

10 "The role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behavior problems" 1993191-214

11 "The relationship between anger and depression in a clinical sample of young men the role of insecure attachment" in press 2003

12 "The making and breaking of affectional bonds" Tavistock Publications 1979

13 "The Structure and function of adult attachment Attachment in adults" Guilford Press 1-30, 1994

14 "The Origins of Attachment Theory" 759-775, 1992

15 "The Metaphysics of Measurement The Case of Adult Attachment Advances in Personal Relationships Attachment Processes in Adult Relationships" 1994b

16 "Special issue:Attachment and development psychology" 3 : 347-531, 1991

17 "Self- discrepancies and persecutory delusions:Evidence for a model of paranoid ideation" 105 : 106-113, 1996

18 "Security in infancy A move to the level of representation Growing points of attachment theory and research Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development" 1 66-2 104, 1985

19 "Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns" in press

20 "Psychological aspects of depression" 1992

21 "Predisposition to depression:the role of attachment" 37 : 219-225, 2003

22 "Patterns of relatedness on maltreated and nonmaltreated children Connections among multiple representational models" 207-226, 1991

23 "Patterns of Aattachment A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation" 1978

24 "Model of the self and Other Fundamental Dimensions Underlying Measures of Adult Attachment Journal of personality and Social psychology" 430-445, 1994a

25 "MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구" 98-113, 1991

26 "Longitudinal pathways linking adolescent report of maternal and paternal attachment to psychological wellbing Journal of Early Adolescence" 221-243, 1998

27 "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 556-573, 2002

28 "Introduction to the Special Section on Attachment and Psychopathology Overview of the Field of Attachment Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology" 237-243, 1996

29 "Insecure Attachment as a Risk Factor for Future Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence" 1478-1485, 2002

30 "Europian Journal of Psychological Assessment" Sociotropy-autonomy and the Beck depression inventory 66-76, d2000

31 "Empirical status of cognitive theory of depression" 215-236, 1991

32 "Emotion Regulation as a Mediator of Associations Between Mother-Child Attachment and Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood Journal of Family Psychology" 111-124, 2000

33 "Effects on affect regulation" 235-241, 1995

34 "Early adolescent perceptions of attachment to mother emotional-distancing and buffering hypothesis Journal of Early Adolescence" 258-275, 1992

35 "Development of an instrument to measure Beck's cognitive triad Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology" 566-567, 1986

36 "Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 511-524, 1987

37 "Cognitive triad inventory for children Development and relationship to depression and anxiety Journal of Clinical Psychology" 339-347, 1992

38 "Bridging the Gab Between Research on Attachment and Psychopathology Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology" 291-294, 1996

39 "Beyond insecurity: A reconceptualization of attachment disorders of infancy" 42-52, 1996

40 "Attributional style in paranoid vs depressed patients" 63 : 355-363, 1990

41 "Attachment processes in eating disorder and depression" 64 : 282-290, 1996

42 "Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers" 3 : 396-411, 1991

43 "Attachment in adolescence affect regulation and representation of self and others" 135-146, 1988

44 "Attachment Styles Among Young Adults A Test of a Four -Category Model Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 226-244, 1991

45 "Adult Attachment Security and Symptoms of Depression The Mediating Roles of dysfunctional Attitudes and Low Self-Esteem" 310-320, 1996

46 "Adolescent attachment and psychopathology." 244-253, 1996